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Astroparticle Physics in the Netherlands

Gravitation. Cosmic Rays. Astroparticle Physics. Dark Matter. Neutrinos. Astroparticle Physics in the Netherlands. ?. LOFAR. Gerard van der Steenhoven Amsterdam, November 15 th , 2004 NIKHEF Scientific Advisory Committee. WMAP results. c. c. c. c. c. c. c. c. c. c. c. c.

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Astroparticle Physics in the Netherlands

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  1. Gravitation Cosmic Rays Astroparticle Physics Dark Matter Neutrinos Astroparticle Physics in the Netherlands ? LOFAR Gerard van der Steenhoven Amsterdam, November 15th, 2004 NIKHEF Scientific Advisory Committee

  2. WMAP results

  3. c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c   Dark Matters searches • Gravitational capture of ’s: • Annihilation of neutralinos (’s): in Earth, Sun, or Galactic Centre + n Observe decay neutrino

  4. Origin of high energy cosmic rays • Scientific issues: • How to get info: • Protons are bent… • High energy ’s? → What is the origin of (U)HE cosmic rays? → Data beyond GZK limit: new physics? F ~ E-2.7 GZK limit: 5 x 1019 eV

  5. Astroparticle Physics (APP) • Dark Matter searches • neutralinos, monopoles,… • Cosmic rays (GZK-limit) • AGN’s, GRB’s, -Quasars,… • Neutrinos • oscillations, CP • Gravitation • grav. waves SN1987A

  6. LHC APP DoE/NSF report ‘Quantum Universe’ • Beyond SM,SUSY • Higgs Field • String Theory,Gravitation • UH energies, p-decay • Top, bottom,  - physics • WIMPs, neutralinos • Mass,CP, oscillations • QGP, WMAP • CP violation The key questions: • Undiscovered principles: • Dark energy: • Extra dimensions: • Unified forces: • Why so many particles: • Dark matter: • Neutrinos: • Origin of the universe: • Antimatter:

  7. APP @ NIKHEF - I • ANTARES • 0.05 km3 deep-sea -detector • NIKHEF contributions: • DAQ-concept: All-Data-to-Shore • Readout, controls, point trigger • Investments: 3.5 M€ (NWO-G) • Pilot for ~ 1 km3project • Project status (Maarten de Jong): • Deployment 1st line: Summer 2005 • Fully operational system: early 2007

  8. APP @ NIKHEF - II • KM3NET • Design study for ~ 1 km3 deep-sea -detector (EU FP6) • Objectives of design study: • Develop complete design – ready to be built • Reduce cost (per line) by factor two: total costs < 200 M€ • Site selection: • Project status: • EU negotiations • 2006 - 2008 • NIKHEF: 0.7 M€ (Els de Wolf) ANTARES NEMO NESTOR

  9. Purpose of km3-detector • Astrophysics (-astronomy): • Identify point sources • Composition of jets • Origin of cosmic acceleration • Diffuse fluxes • Particle physics (beyond SM) • Dark Matter searches: • Neutralinos, Monopoles,.. • Origin of UHE-cosmic rays • Neutrino oscillations (extra) galactic -sources Neutralino search:  → +…

  10. Expected rates: point-like sources Quasars and GRBs Neutralino searches KM3NET 3 yr GRB’s KM3NET 1 yr

  11. DUMAND MPR NT-200 AMANDA-B10 + NT-200 AMANDA-II/ANTARES W&B GRB IceCube/KM3NeT Expected rates: diffuse  fluxes Mannheim et al: refinement of WB-limit + individual src-s. atmospheric neutrinos Waxman-Bahcall Limit for extra-galactic sources: ~ 250 ev/yr/km2 Total expected diffuse  rate:  20 x ANTARES ~ 105 ’s/yr

  12. KM3NET ICECUBE 0.1 deg 0.5 deg 1 TeV 10 TeV KM3NET versus ICECUBE • Complementary sky views*: • Angular resolution: • Energy threshold: ICECUBE KM3NET galactic centre (*) ANTARES location provides a sky coverage of 3.5 p sr and an instantaneous common view with AMANDA of 0.5 p sr, and about 1.5 p sr common view per day.The Galactic centre is visible 2/3 of the time.

  13. APP @ NIKHEF - III • LOFAR • Radio-frequency interferometer (10-250 MHz) • APP application: high-energy cosmic rays (GZK limit?) • Data volume: few GB/s/station: • TIER1 @ NIKHEF • Project status: • Under construction in NL • Dutch investment:52 M€ • CR proof-of-principle • Operations: 2007-2012 (Jeff Templon) LOFAR

  14. What is LOFAR? • Astronomy: • First measurement 10 – 250 MHz radiospectrum (0.5 tot 30 m waves) • Cosmology: early ionisation phase • Astroparticle physics: • Cosmic rays of E > 1014 eV 5 ev/hr 1 ev/yr

  15. APP: the challenge in NL • ANTARES: • FOM program ends in 2006 (….data taking until 2010!) • KM3NET: • Dutch investment required: ~ 10 M€(in 2010) • LOFAR: • Additional resources for CR-program needed • Other research ambitions: • KATRIN, Gravitation, Pierre Auger: A coherent national plan is needed !

  16. The Pierre Auger Project • Large CR-array in Argentina • NIKHEF (Nijmegen) invited as partner • Idea: implement radio-detection of CR’s (~ LOFAR) • Advantage: direct access to newest UHE-CR data!

  17. APP developments elsewhere • US: • New astroparticle physics institutes (@ SLAC, FNAL) • DoE/NSF paper ‘Quantum Universe’ • Germany: • New ‘Fachbereich’ • Push from BMBF • Italy: • Separate ‘funding chapter 2’ within INFN • Number of researchers involved: 800

  18. APP in NL: considerations • New scientific community:…… critical mass • Funding agencies (FOM, NWO-E): • Involve all groups in the Netherlands • Obtain active support astronomers • Be selective: set priorities • Universities:……… get new faculty on APP Choose a bottom-up approach!

  19. Our approach • Form a scientific community in the Netherlands: • APP symposia: 26 April @ NIKHEF, 24 Sept @ Nijmegen, 21 Jan. ‘05 @ Leiden, 22 April ’05 @ KVI, … • Create web-site: www.astroparticlephysics.nl • Form an organizational body (‘bottom up’): • ‘Committee for Astroparticle physics in the NL’ (CAN) • Formulate a strategy: • CAN prepares a research plan (+M€’s)

  20. Crab The CAN committee • Approach: • Inventory of research ambitions • Set priorities and write research plan • Feed-back from Dutch APP community • Membership: • Amsterdam: B. Hertzberger, P.J. Mulders (VU), R. Wijers • ASTRON: H. Falcke • Groningen: M. van de Weijgaert • KVI: A. van den Berg, N. Kalantar, R. Timmermans • Leiden: A. Achacurra • Nijmegen: J. Kuijpers, S. de Jong • NIKHEF: F. Linde, G. van der Steenhoven (chair) • Utrecht: A. Achterberg

  21. Planning • 14 oktober 2004: • CAN ‘kick-off’ meeting in Amsterdam • 1 december 2004: • Inventory APP research ambitions • January - April 2005: • First draft + feedback community • May- June 2005: • Submission plan to funding agencies: FOM/NWO-N, NWO-E, NWO-AB

  22. First draft of web-page ………under construction ! K. Huijser, NIKHEF

  23. cf. TIER1 for LHC First result of inventory

  24. Conclusion • Astroparticle Physics: • High discovery potential • New initiative in NL • Bottom-up approach • Scientific Advisory Committee: • Advice on chosen approach • Advice on APP priorities

  25. M€’s Possible resources for APP • FOM (physics) • Through NIKHEF ‘mission budget’, and small projects • NWO-E (e-science, mathematics, astronomy) • Open competition (small), new joint program? • NWO – AB (general board) • Awards & fellowships (‘veni-vidi-vici’ program) • Investments (NWO-M and NWO-G) • As new interdisciplinary program (‘New Money’) • EU (framework program - FP7): • Marie-Curie fellowships, Design studies, Research Infrastructures (I3’s), Construction,…

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