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Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers

Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers Chapter 1 Objectives Next Recognize the importance of computer literacy Describe the categories of computers Identify the components of a computer Identify the types of computer users Discuss the uses of the Internet and World Wide Web

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Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers

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  1. Chapter 1 Introduction toComputers

  2. Chapter 1 Objectives Next Recognize the importance of computer literacy Describe the categories of computers Identify the components ofa computer Identify the types of computer users Discuss the uses of the Internet and World Wide Web Discuss various computer applications in society Identify the categories of software

  3. A World of Computers Next • What is computer literacy? • Knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses • Computers are everywhere p. 2 - 3 Fig. 1-1

  4. What Is a Computer? Processes data into information Data that is organized, meaningful, and useful Acceptsdata Raw facts, figures, and symbols Produces and stores results Next • How is a computer defined? • Electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory p. 3

  5. Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers Reliability Speed Consistency Storage Communications Next • What are the advantages of using computers? p. 5

  6. Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers Next • What are the disadvantages of using computers? Violation ofPrivacy Impact onLabor Force Health Risks Impact onEnvironment p. 5

  7. What Is a Computer? Next • What is the information processing cycle? • Input • Process • Output • Storage • Communication p. 5 Fig. 1-2

  8. The Components of a Computer Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Input Devices below Chapter 1 Next • What is an input device? • Hardware used to enter data and instructions p. 6 Fig. 1-3

  9. The Components of a Computer Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Output Devices below Chapter 1 Next • What is an output device? • Hardware that conveys information to one or morepeople p. 7 Fig. 1-3

  10. The Components of a Computer Next • What is the system unit? • Box-like case containing electronic components used to process data p. 7 Fig. 1-3

  11. The Components of a Computer Next • What are two main components on the motherboard? Central Processing Unit (CPU) Also called a processor The electronic component that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer Memory Consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions p. 7

  12. The Components of a Computer Next • What is storage? • Holds data, instructions, and information for future use Storage media • Physical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored Storage device • Records and retrieves items to and from a storage medium p. 7

  13. The Components of a Computer Next • What isstorage media? Hard Disks CDs Floppy Disks Memory Cards DVDs USB Flash Drives p. 7

  14. The Components of a Computer Next • What isa storage device? Records (writes)items to storagemedia Retrieves(reads)items from storagemedia Often functionas a sourceof input p. 7

  15. The Components of a Computer Next • What is a floppy disk? • Thin, circular, flexible disk enclosed in rigid plastic shell p. 7

  16. The Components of a Computer Next • What is a USB flash drive? • Provides much greater storage capacity than a floppy disk or Zip® disk • Small and lightweight enough to be transported on a keychain or in a pocket p. 7

  17. The Components of a Computer Next • What is a hard disk? • Provides greater storage capacity than a floppy disk, Zip disk, or USB flash drive • Most are housed inside of the system unit p. 7 Fig. 1-4

  18. The Components of a Computer Next • What is a compact disc? • Flat, round, portable metal disc • CD-ROM • DVD-ROM p. 7 Fig. 1-5

  19. The Components of a Computer Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Communications Devices below Chapter 1 Next • What is a communications device? Hardware component that enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information Occurs over cables, telephonelines, cellular radio networks,satellites, and other transmission media p. 8

  20. Networks and the Internet Next • A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together To share Resources Hardware devices Software programs To save time and money Data Information p. 8

  21. Networks and the Internet Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Internetbelow Chapter 1 Next • What is the Internet? • Worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals p. 8 Fig. 1-6

  22. Networks and the Internet Next • Why do users access the Internet? • Communications • Information • Shopping • Banking and Investing • Classes • Entertainment 7. Download Music 8. Share Information p. 9 Fig. 1-7

  23. Networks and the Internet Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Blogs below Chapter 1 Next • What is the Web? • Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to anyone connected to the Internet A Web site is a collection of related Web pages You can share information by creating Web pages or posting photos on a photo sharingcommunity A podcast is recorded audio stored on a Web sitethat can bedownloaded A Web page contains text, graphics, audio, video, and links to other Web pages A blog consists of time-stamped articles ina journal format p. 10

  24. Computer Software Next • What is software? Consists of a seriesof instructions thattells the computerwhat to do Also called aprogram p. 10

  25. Computer Software Next • What is a graphical user interface (GUI)? • Allows you to interact with the software using graphics and icons • Controls how you enter data and how the screen displays information p. 10 Fig. 1-8

  26. Computer Software Next • What issystem software? • Programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices Operating System (OS)is a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices and allows users to run application software Utility Programsallow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs p. 10 - 11

  27. Computer Software Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Application Software below Chapter 1 Next • What isapplication software? • Programs that perform specific tasks for users Word Processing Spreadsheet Database Presentation Graphics p. 11 Fig. 1-9

  28. Computer Software Step 1: INSTALL When you insert a greeting card program disc in the CD drive for the first time, the computer begins the procedure of installing the greeting card program on the hard disk. Step 2: RUN Once installed, you can instruct the computer to run the greeting card program. The computer transfers instructions from the hard disk to memory. Step 3: USE The greeting card program executes. Using this program, you can create custom greeting cards. Next • How do you install and run programs? p. 11 - 12 Fig. 1-10

  29. Computer Software Next • What is aprogrammer? • Someone who developsapplication or system software • Programmer writesthe instructions todirect the computer toprocess data intoinformation p. 12 Fig. 1-11

  30. Categories of Computers Next What are the categories of computers? Personal Computers(desktop) Mobile Computers andMobile Devices Game Consoles Servers Mainframes Supercomputers Embedded Computers p. 13

  31. Personal Computers • Apple Macintosh uses the Macintosh operating system (Mac OS) • PC and compatibles use the Windows operating system Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Personal Computers below Chapter 1 Next • What are the two most popular series of personal computers? p. 14 Figs. 1-13–1-14

  32. Personal Computers Next • What is adesktop computer? • Designed so all of the components fit on or under a desk or table p. 14 Fig. 1-13

  33. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Next • What is anotebook computer? • Portable, small enough to fit on your lap • Also called a laptop computer • Generally more expensive than a desktop computer p. 14 - 15 Fig. 1-15

  34. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Next • What is aTablet PC? • Resembles a letter-sized slate • Allows you to write on the screen using a digital pen • Especially useful for taking notes p. 15 Fig. 1-16

  35. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Small enough to fit in one hand Used by mobile employees such as meter readers and delivery people Next • What is ahandheld computer? p. 15

  36. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Next • What is apersonal digital assistant (PDA)? • Provides personal organizer functions • Calendar • Appointment book • Address book • Calculator • Notepad p. 15 Fig. 1-17

  37. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices A smart phone isan Internet-enabledtelephone that usuallyprovides PDA capabilities Next • What aresmart phones? p. 16 Figs. 1-18

  38. Game Consoles Mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games Next • What aregame consoles? p. 16 Fig. 1-19

  39. Servers Next • What types of servers are there? A server controls access to network resources and provides centralized storage MainframeVery powerful, expensive computer that supports thousands of computers SupercomputerThe fastest, most powerful, most expensive computer. Used for applications requiring complex mathematical calculations p. 16 - 17 Figs. 1-20–1-22

  40. Embedded Computers Next • What is an embedded computer? • A special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product p. 17 - 18 Fig. 1-23

  41. Examples of Computer Usage Next • What are five categories of computer users? • Home User • Small Office/Home Office User • Mobile User • Power User • Large Business User p. 18

  42. Examples of Computer Usage Next • What software is available for a home user? • Personal Finance Management • Web access • Communications • Entertainment p. 18 - 19 Fig. 1-24

  43. Examples of Computer Usage Next • What software is available for a small office/home office (SOHO) user? • Productivity software • Specialty software • Web usage • E-mail p. 20 Fig. 1-25

  44. Examples of Computer Usage Next • What is available for a mobile user? • Hardware • Notebook computers • PDAs • Smart phones • Tablet PCs • Software • Word processing • Spreadsheet • Presentation graphicssoftware p. 20 Fig. 1-26

  45. Examples of Computer Usage Next • What are the needs of a power user? • Speed and large amounts of storage • Types of power users • Engineers • Architects • Desktop publishers • Graphic artists p. 21 Fig. 1-27

  46. Examples of Computer Usage Next • What are the needs of the large business user? • Payroll • Inventory • E-commerce • Desktop publishing p. 21 - 22 Figs. 1-28–1-29

  47. Computer Applications in Society Next • What are some examples of computer applications in society? • Education • Finance • Government • Healthcare • Science • Publishing • Travel • Manufacturing p. 22-25 Figs. 1-30–1-37

  48. Summary of Introduction to Computers The computer and its components Categories of computers What is a network? Types of computer users The Internet and the World Wide Web Computer applications in society Types of software Chapter 1 Complete

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