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Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers

Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers Chapter 1 Objectives Next Recognize the importance of computer literacy Identify the types of software Define the term computer and identify its components Describe the categories of computers Explain why a computer is a powerful tool

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Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers

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  1. Chapter 1 Introduction toComputers

  2. Chapter 1 Objectives Next Recognize the importance of computer literacy Identify the types of software Define the term computer and identify its components Describe the categories of computers Explain why a computer is a powerful tool Determine how the elements of an information system interact Recognize the purpose of a network Identify the types of computer users Discuss the uses of the Internet and the World Wide Web Discuss various computer applications in society Distinguish between installing and running a program

  3. A World of Computers Next • What is computer literacy? • Knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses p. 5 Fig. 1-1

  4. What Is a Computer? Processes data into information Data that is organized, meaningful, and useful Acceptsdata Raw facts, figures, and symbols Produces and stores results Next • How is a computer defined? • Electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory p. 6

  5. What Is a Computer? Next • What is the information processing cycle? • Input • Process • Output • Storage • Communication p. 6 Fig. 1-2

  6. The Components of a Computer Next • What is an input device? • Hardware used to enter data and instructions p. 7 Fig. 1-3

  7. The Components of a Computer Next • What is an output device? • Hardware that conveys information to a user p. 8 Fig. 1-3

  8. The Components of a Computer Next • What is the system unit? • Box-like case containing electronic components used to process data p. 8 Fig. 1-3

  9. The Components of a Computer Next • What are two main components on the motherboard? Central Processing Unit (CPU) Also called a processor Carries out instructions that tell computer what to do Memory Temporary holding place for data and instructions p. 8

  10. The Components of a Computer Next • What is storage? • Holds data, instructions, and information for future use Storage media • Physical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored Storage device • Records and retrieves items to and from a storage medium p. 8

  11. The Components of a Computer Next • What isstorage media? Digitalcameras Portable, thin memory cards used in: Handheldcomputers p. 8

  12. The Components of a Computer Next • What is a floppy disk? • Thin, circular, flexible disk enclosed in rigid plastic shell p. 8 Fig. 1-4

  13. The Components of a Computer Next • What is a flash drive? • Provides much greater storage capacity than a floppy disk or Zip® disk • Small and lightweight enough to be transported on a keychain or in a pocket p. 9 Fig. 1-5

  14. The Components of a Computer Next • What is a hard disk? • Provides much greater storage capacity than a floppy disk or USB flash drive • Housed inside the system unit p. 9 Fig. 1-6

  15. The Components of a Computer Next • What is a compact disc? • Flat, round, portable metal disc • CD-ROM • CD-RW • DVD-ROM • DVD+RW p. 9 Fig. 1-7

  16. Why Is a Computer So Powerful? ReliabilityandConsistency Storage Speed Accuracy Communications Next • What makes a computer powerful? p. 10

  17. Networks and the Internet Satellites Cables Enables a connection between computers Telephone lines Cellular radio One type is a modem Next • What is a network? • Collection of computers and devices connected together Communications Device Communications Media p. 10

  18. Networks and the Internet Next • What are the reasons to network? To share Resources Hardware devices Software programs To save time and money Data Information p. 10

  19. Networks and the Internet Next • What is a server? • Manages the resources on a network • A client accesses the resources on the server p. 10 Fig. 1-8

  20. Networks and the Internet Next • What is the Internet? • Worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of computers p. 11 Fig. 1-9

  21. Networks and the Internet Next • Why do users access the Internet? • Communications • Information • Shopping • Banking and Investing • Classes • Entertainment p. 12 Fig. 1-10

  22. Networks and the Internet Next • What is the Web? • Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to anyone connected to the Internet A Web site is a collection of related Web pages A Web page contains text, graphics, sound, video, and links to other Web pages You can share information by creating Web pages or posting photos on a photo community p. 13

  23. Computer Software Next • How do you install a software program? • A program is a series of instructions that tells the computer what to do p. 14 Fig. 1-13

  24. Computer Software Next • What is a graphical user interface (GUI)? • Allows you to interact with the software using graphics and icons • Controls how you enter data and how the screen displays information p. 14 Fig. 1-14

  25. Computer Software Next • What issystem software? • Programs that control the operations of the computer and its devices Operating System (OS)is a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices and allows users to run application software Utility Programsallow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs p. 15

  26. Computer Software Next • What isapplication software? • Programs that perform specific tasks for users Word Processing Spreadsheet Database Presentation Graphics p. 16 Fig. 1-15

  27. Computer Software Javascript program Resulting Internet application Next • What is aprogrammer? • Someone who developsapplication or system software • Programmer writesinstructions todirect computer toprocess data intoinformation p. 17 Fig. 1-16

  28. Categories of Computers Midrange servers Supercomputers Mainframe computers Personal computers (desktop) Mobile computersand mobile devices Next What are the categories of computers? p. 18

  29. Personal Computers • PC and compatibles use the Windows operating system • Apple Macintosh uses the Macintosh operating system (Mac OS) Next • What are the two most popular series of personal computers? p. 19 Figs. 1-18–1-19

  30. Personal Computers Next • What is adesktop computer? • Designed so all of the components fit on or under a desk or table p. 19 Fig. 1-18

  31. Personal Computers Next • What is anotebook computer? • Portable, small enough to fit on your lap • Also called a laptop computer • Generally more expensive than a desktop computer p. 20 Fig. 1-20

  32. Handheld Computers Next • What is atablet PC? • Resembles a letter-sized slate • Allows you to write on the screen using a digital pen • Especially useful for taking notes p. 20 Fig. 1-21

  33. Handheld Computers Next • What are Web-enabled handheld computers? • Allow you to check e-mail and access the Internet • Web-enabled telephone is a “smart phone” p. 21 Fig. 1-23

  34. Handheld Computers Small enough to fit in your hand Used by mobile employees such as meter readers and delivery people Next • What is ahandheld computer? p. 21

  35. Handheld Computers Next • What is apersonal digital assistant (PDA)? • Provides personal organizer functions • Calendar • Appointment book • Address book • Calculator • Notepad p. 21 Fig. 1-23

  36. Servers Next • What types of servers are there? Midrange serverPowerful, large computer that supports up to a few thousand computers MainframeVery powerful, expensive computer that supports thousands of computers SupercomputerThe fastest, most powerful, most expensive computer. Used for applications requiring complex mathematical calculations p. 22 and 23 Figs. 1-25–1-27

  37. Elements of an Information System Next • What are information system elements? • People • Procedures • Data • Software • Hardware p. 24 Fig. 1-28

  38. What are five categories of computer users? Next • Home • Small Office/Home • Mobile • Large Business • Power p. 25 Fig. 1-29

  39. Examples of Computer Usage Next • What software is available for a small office/home office (SOHO) user? • Local area network (LAN) • Productivity software • Specialty software • Web usage • E-mail p. 28 Fig. 1-33

  40. Examples of Computer Usage Next • What is available for a mobile user? • Hardware • Software • Productivity • Presentation • Personal information manager p. 29 Fig. 1-35

  41. Examples of Computer Usage Next • What are the needs of the large business user? Public kiosk Web access Telecommuting Network Productivity software Scheduling p. 30 Figs. 1-37–1-40

  42. Examples of Computer Usage Next • What are the needs of a power user? • Speed and large amounts of storage • Types of power users • Engineers • Architects • Desktop publishers • Graphic artists p. 32 Fig. 1-41

  43. Computer Applications in Society Next • What are some examples of computer applications in society? • Education • Finance • Government • Healthcare • Science • Publishing • Travel • Industry p. 33 Figs. 1-42–1-49

  44. Summary of Introduction to Computers The importance of computer literacy Types of software The computer and its components Categories of computers Why is a computer so powerful? Elements of an information system What is a network? Types of computer users The Internet and the World Wide Web Computer applications in society Installing and running a program Chapter 1 CompleteBack to Presentations

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