Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers

1. Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers

2. Chapter 1 Learning Objectives Recognize the importance of computer literacy Define the term computer and identify its components Explain why a computer is a powerful tool Recognize the purpose of a network Discuss the uses of the Internet and the World Wide Web Distinguish between installing and running a program Identify the types of software

3. Chapter 1 Learning Objectives Describe the categories of computers Determine how the elements of an information system interact

4. Computer Literacy Knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses

5. Definition of a Computer Electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory • Accepts data • Raw facts, figures, and symbols • Processes data into information • Data that is organized, meaningful, and useful Produces and stores results

6. The Information Processing Cycle Input Process Output Storage

7. Hardware Software Instructions that tell hardware how to perform tasks Electronic and mechanical equipment Hardware and Software

8. The Components of a Computer Input Devices Hardware used to enter data and instructions

9. The Components of a Computer Output Devices Hardware that conveys information to a user

10. The Components of a Computer System Unit Box-like case containing electronic components used to process data The system unit contains the motherboard

11. The Components of a Computer The Motherboard The two main components on the motherboard are; Central Processing Unit (CPU) Also called a processor Carries out instructions that tell computer what to do Memory Temporary holding place for data and instructions

12. The Integrated Circuit The devices that make all modern electronics possible

13. The Integrated Circuit Device with microscopic pathways that carry electrical currents

14. Physical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored Records and retrieves items to and from a storage medium Storage Storage holds data, instructions, and information for future use. Storage systems are made up of two parts; Storage media Storage device

15. Types of Storage Hard Drive

16. Types of Storage CD/DVD

17. Types of Storage USB flash drives

18. Types of Storage Flash memory cards

19. ReliabilityandConsistency Storage Speed Communications What makes a computer powerful? Accuracy

20. Communications Device Enables a connection between computers One type is a modem Networks A collection of computers and devices connected together Made up of two parts;

21. Communications Media Cables Satellites Cellular radio Telephone lines Networks A collection of computers and devices connected together Made up of two parts;

22. To Share Hardware devices To Save Time and Money Data Resources Software programs Information Networks The reasons to network computers

23. A Workgroup Network • Simple to design and implement • Localized security • Convenient for smaller networks; does not scale well

24. A Domain Network • More complex to design and implement • Centralized security • Required for large networks; scales very well

25. Networks Local area network (LAN) Network in limited geographical area such as home or office building Metropolitan area network (MAN) connects LANs in city or town

26. Networks Wide area network (WAN) Network that covers large geographic area using many types of media Internet is world’s largest WAN

27. The Internet The Internet is a Worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of computers

28. The Internet Why do users access the Internet? Communications Information Sharing Ecommerce Entertainment

29. The Internet The World Wide Web (WWW) is a major component of the Internet The WWW is made up or billions of documents, called Web pages, available to anyone connected to the Internet Web Page Contains text, graphics, sound, video, and links to other Web pages Web Site A collection of related Web pages

30. Software A software program is a series of instructions that tells the computer what to do User Interface Allows you to interact with the software There are two types of interfaces; Command line Graphical User Interface (GUI) Allows you to interact with the software using graphics and icons

31. Software System Software Programs that control the operations of the computer and its devices There are two part to system software; Operating System (OS) A set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices and allows users to run application software

32. Software System Software Programs that control the operations of the computer and its devices There are two part to system softeare; Utility Programs Allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs

33. Word Processing Spreadsheets Presentation Graphics Database Software Application Software Programs that perform specific tasks for users

34. Software Programmer writes instructions to direct computer to process data into information

35. Personal Computer Mobile computersand mobile devices Midrange servers Mainframe computers Supercomputers Computer Categories

36. Types of Personal Computer The desktop computer

37. Types of Personal Computer The notebook computer

38. Types of Personal Computer The Tablet PC

39. Types of Mobile Devices Handheld and PDA

40. Types of Handheld Computer Smart Phones

41. Game Consoles

42. Servers

43. Mainframes

44. Supercomputers

45. Embedded Computers

46. Information Systems The elements of an information system are; People Procedures Data Information Software Hardware