What makes a group of words a phrase?

1. Phase 2/Unit 3 Introduction to Phrases February 6 and 13, 2013 What makes a group of words a phrase?

2. Show me what you know. TYPE 1 FOR FEBRUARY 13, 2013: Find 3 sentences from your PCR book. Each sentence should serve as example of 1 of these 3 types of phrases: --a verb phrase --an infinitive phrase --a prepositional phrase Underline and label each phrase. Use correct citation format after each example.

3. Introduction to Phrases Phrase-a group of related words that is used as a single part of speech and that does not contain both a verb and its subject Verb Phrase: have been sleeping [no subject] Prepositional Phrase: during the afternoon [no subject or verb] Infinitive Phrase: to snore loudly [no subject or verb]

4. Introduction to Phrases A verb phrase acts a “Verb” (POS). Verb Phrase: have been sleeping [no subject] Verb Phrase-consists of a main verb and at least one helping auxiliary verb (helping verb) Examples: Woodstock will fly to Charlie Brown’s house. Haveyou ever read the Sunday comics? Snoopy should have been playing.

5. C0mmon Auxiliary Verbs

6. Application Write two sentences using verb phrases about the image below.

7. Introduction to Phrases • Phrase-a group of related words that is used as a single part of speech and that does not contain both a verb and its subject Infinitive Phraseact as nouns even though they contain a principal part of a verb. Remember: An infinitive is the “base” principal part of a verb and begins with “to”. I like ______________. The dog needs __________. I like pizza. The dog needs a bath. I like to ski . The dog needs to sit.

8. Application • HINT: • Snoopy has …. • Woodstock wants …. Write two sentences using infinitive phrases about the image below.

9. Introduction to Phrases Phrase-a group of related words that is used as a single part of speech and that does not contain both a verb and its subject Prepositional Phrase act as adjectives and adverbs. The dog in the picture looks at the bird. [Which dog?] [Where is the dog looking?]

10. Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases Where is Snoopy? Answer the above question three different ways. Use a prepositional phrase each time and underline it.

11. Prepositional Phrases On the roof, Snoopy daydreams. Snoopy is above his doghouse. Snoopy naps outside his home.

12. Prepositional Phrases A prepositional phrase includes a preposition, the object of the preposition, and any modifiers of that object Examples: Did Lucy remember Charlie Brown’s plans for the party? According to Linus, all the kids are planning to play baseball at the field.

13. Common Prepositions about below for outside unto above beneath from over up across beside(s) in past upon after between inside since with against beyond into through within along but like throughout with among by near to without around concerning of toward at down off under before during on underneath behind except out until

14. Compound Prepositions Compound Preposition-preposition that consists of two or more words Examples-She has been accepted by several private colleges in addition to both state universities. As of today, she hasn’t made her final choice. Commonly Used Prepositions -according to -by means of -instead of -along with -in addition to -next to -apart from -in front of -on account of -as of -in place of -out of -because of -in spite of

15. Preposition or Adverb? Prepositions always have objects; adverbs don’t. Prepositions The ball flew through the net. We play behind the school. Adverbs Leave your worries behind when you go on vacation. We were waved right through.

16. Preposition or Adverb? Practice Label each underlined word preposition (P) or adverb (A). 1. Have you ever seen a live college basketball game before? 2. A sign outside the arena said my two favorite teams were playing inside. 3. Come along; let’s get to our seats before the game. 4. The teams came out to warm up before the game. 5. Two aggressive players fouled each other throughout. 6. At half time, one team was ahead by eight points. 7. A player threw the ball infrom the sideline. 8. We walked aroundduring halftime. 9. After the game, the winners were given the championship trophy inside the locker room. 10. Despite losing in the playoffs, that team had a winning record for the season.

17. Prepositional Phrase or Infinitive? Be careful not to confuse a prepositional phrase beginning with to with an infinitive phrase beginning with to. Remember a preposition always has a noun or pronoun as an object. An infinitive is a verb form, usually preceded by to, that is used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. An infinitive phrase consists of an infinitive and any modifiers and complement. Infinitive Phrase or Prepositional Phrase? 1) To leave now would be rude. 2) Snoopy whispered his idea to Woodstock. 3) Her goal is to win. 4) Sally wanted to hug Linus. 5) He is eager to give her the valentine. 6) Lucy raced to the school bus. .

18. S V IO DO vs. S V DO with a prepositional phrase Do not mistake an object of the preposition to or forfor an indirect object. Object of Preposition: My grandmother wrote a letter to me. Indirect Object My grandmother wrote me a letter.

19. Object of the Preposition The object of a preposition is a noun, a pronoun, or a word group that functions as a noun; in most cases it follows a preposition. Together, the preposition, its object, and any modifiers of the object makes a prepositional phrase. Examples: Did you see Marcie at the last game? The line starts behind him. They played a new song by Schroder’s band.

20. Object Pronouns The personal pronouns in the objective case—me, you, him, her, it, us, and them---are used as direct objects, as indirect objects, and as objects of prepositions. Examples: She gave the valentine to him. Peppermint Patty went to the movies with me. Snoopy laughed at them.

21. More Practice Write 5 sentences using adverbs and 5 sentences using prepositional phrases. You should have ten sentences. Label the object of the preposition in each prepositional phrase. Example: My Language Arts class was hungry for lunch.