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DON’T PHRASE ME, BRO!. When you have words, but not full thoughts. PHRASE. A group of related words used as a single part of speech and does not contain both a predicate and its subject. PREPOSITIONAL. Begins with a preposition, ends with a noun/pronoun (object) Adjective
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DON’T PHRASE ME, BRO! When you have words, but not full thoughts
PHRASE • A group of related words used as a single part of speech and does not contain both a predicate and its subject
PREPOSITIONAL • Begins with a preposition, ends with a noun/pronoun (object) • Adjective • Immediately follows the noun The horse in the trailer with the rusted latch broke loose. The man in the yellow hat drove the blue car with the purple seats.
PREPOSITIONAL • Adverb • Tells when, where, how, why, to what extent • May appear anywhere in the sentence • During January break, my sister works at a diner for book money. • We’ve been waiting since yesterday for a ride.
VERBALSThey look like verbs but act like other parts of speech PARTICIPLES INFINITIVES GERUNDS
Participle – looks like a verb, acts as an adjective • Modifies nouns/pronouns • Can be removed without changing the meaning of the sentence • Present participles end in –ing • Past participles end in –d, -ed, or are irregularly formed.
Wearing purple boxer shorts, the flying squirrel attacked the dancing moose. • Driving down the road, I saw an unidentified flying object.
Gerund – looks like a verb, acts as a noun • Functions as a subject, direct object, predicate nominative, or object of a preposition • Can be replaced with it, that, or what and still make sense • Always ends in –ing
Running is good exercise. • I love listening to the rain. • My brain hurts from memorizing.
FINDING PARTICIPLES AND GERUNDS • Find the real verb • Picture the action in the sentence. • What else looks like a verb? • These are your gerunds and participles. • Does it describe a noun? Can it be removed completely without changing the meaning? • It’s a participle. • Is it a noun? Is it a subject, direct object, predicate nominative, or object of a preposition? Can you replace it with it, this, that, or what and still have the sentence make sense? • It’s a gerund.
Infinitive – to + a verb • Functions as a noun, adjective, or adverb • I plan to go to the store to buy books.
Appositive – a noun/pronoun that identifies or explains another noun/pronoun • Placed beside the noun/pronoun it describes • Usually set off by commas • Eric, a talented musician, plans to study in Europe • My neighbor, Dr. Jackson, got her degree in entomology, the scientific study of insects