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Famous Psychologists to Know &

Advanced Placement Psychology- Ms Fenton. Famous Psychologists to Know &. Founder of Behaviorism Little Albert study UCS UCR NS CS CR Classical Conditioning of fear Discrimination & Generalization of fears. John Watson. Founder of Behaviorism Little Albert study UCS UCR NS CS

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Famous Psychologists to Know &

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  1. Advanced Placement Psychology- Ms Fenton Famous Psychologists to Know &

  2. Founder of Behaviorism • Little Albert study • UCS UCR • NS CS • CR • Classical Conditioning of fear • Discrimination & Generalization of fears

  3. John Watson • Founder of Behaviorism • Little Albert study • UCS UCR • NS CS • CR • Classical Conditioning of fear • Discrimination & Generalization of fears

  4. Bobo Doll • Observational / Social Learning • Modeling • Social-Cognitive Perspective of personality • Reciprocal Determinism • Self-efficacy

  5. Albert Bandura • Bobo Doll • Observational / Social Learning • Modeling • Social-Cognitive Perspective of personality • Reciprocal Determinism • Self-efficacy

  6. Cognitive Therapist • Rational Emotive Therapy (RET and REBT) • Alter client’s irrational thinking to reduce maladaptive behavior & emotions • ABC Activating Event Beliefs About Event Consequences

  7. Albert Ellis • Cognitive Therapist • Rational Emotive Therapy (RET and REBT) • Alter client’s irrational thinking to reduce maladaptive behavior & emotions • ABC Activating Event Beliefs About Event Consequences

  8. Stanford Prison Study • Social roles and behavior • Power of the Situation • “New research - altruism

  9. Phillip Zimbardo • Stanford Prison Study • Social roles and behavior • Power of the Situation • “New research - altruism

  10. Humanist • Hierarchy of Needs • Lower level needs dominate higher level needs • Goal - be self-actualized

  11. Abraham Maslow • Humanist • Hierarchy of Needs • Lower level needs dominate higher level needs • Goal - be self-actualized

  12. Humanist • Focus on healthy individuals • Personal growth • Self-concept • Congruence vs. Incongruent self-concept • Non directive therapy • A.G.E. Acceptance – unconditional positive regard Genuineness Empathy - • Client or Person Centered Therapy • Active listening

  13. Carl Rogers • Humanist • Focus on healthy individuals • Personal growth • Self-concept • Congruence vs. Incongruent self-concept • Non directive therapy • A.G.E. Acceptance – unconditional positive regard Genuineness Empathy - • Client or Person Centered Therapy • Active listening

  14. Cognitive Dissonance: inconsistency among beliefs or behaviors causes tension. • Usually leads people to change beliefs to fit their actual behavior • Experiment – knob turning $1 vs. $20

  15. Leon Festinger • Cognitive Dissonance: inconsistency among beliefs or behaviors causes tension. • Usually leads people to change beliefs to fit their actual behavior • Experiment – knob turning $1 vs. $20

  16. Psychoanalysis • 3 Part Personality: Id, Ego, Superego • Psychosexual Stages of Development (Only Awesome Patriots Learn Guitar) • Fixations • Defense Mechanisms • Manifest & Latent Content • Free Association • Dream Analysis • Illness – caused by unresolved unconscious conflicts often from childhood

  17. Sigmund Freud • Psychoanalysis • 3 Part Personality: Id, Ego, Superego • Psychosexual Stages of Development (Only Awesome Patriots Learn Guitar) • Fixations • Defense Mechanisms • Manifest & Latent Content • Free Association • Dream Analysis • Illness – caused by unresolved unconscious conflicts often from childhood

  18. Classical conditioning • UCS elicits a UCR • Dogs • Salivation to meat powder & tuning fork • UCS, UCR, CS, CR • Acquisition, Extinction, Generalization, Discrimination,

  19. Ivan Pavlov • Classical conditioning • UCS elicits a UCR • Dogs • Salivation to meat powder & tuning fork • UCS, UCR, CS, CR • Acquisition, Extinction, Generalization, Discrimination,

  20. Schema (Assimilation v. Accommodation) • Discontinuity (Stages) Cognitive Development • Sensorimotor (no object permanence) • Preoperational (CANT conserve, egocentric, pre-logical, animism) • Concrete Operational (can conserve) • Formal Operational (abstract thought)

  21. Jean Piaget • Schema (Assimilation v. Accommodation) • Discontinuity (Stages) Cognitive Development • Sensorimotor (no object permanence) • Preoperational (CANT conserve), egocentric, pre-logical, animism) • Concrete Operational (can conserve) • Formal Operational (abstract thought)

  22. Piaget v. Vygotsky on Cognitive Development

  23. Moral Development • Preconventional morality • Conventional morality • Post-conventional morality

  24. Lawrence Kohlberg • Moral Development • Preconventional morality • Conventional morality • Post-conventional morality

  25. Well known Depression Inventory • Challenge Irrational Beliefs • Negative Cognitive Triad

  26. Aaron Beck • Well known Depression Inventory • Challenge Irrational Beliefs • Negative Cognitive Triad

  27. Conformity Under certain conditions, people will agree with the group’s (conform) judgment, even when it is clearly incorrect. 70% of participants in experimental group went along with the incorrect reponse at some point Line study

  28. Conformity Under certain conditions, people will agree with the group’s (conform) judgment, even when it is clearly incorrect. 70% of participants in experimental group went along with the incorrect reponse at some point Line study Solomon Asch

  29. Sociocultural theory • Scaffolding • Zone of proximal development • Continuity theory of development • Acquisition on new knowledge dependent on previous knowledge

  30. Lev Vygotsky • Sociocultural theory • Scaffolding • Zone of proximal development • Continuity theory of development • Acquisition on new knowledge dependent on previous knowledge

  31. Collective unconscious • Archetypes • Anima and Animus • Introversion v Extroversion • NeoFreudian

  32. Carl Jung • Collective unconscious • Archetypes • Anima and Animus • Introversion v Extroversion • NeoFreudian

  33. Obedience to authority • Shocks • 65% of teachers went all the way • PRESSENCE OF SOMEONE ELSE WHO DISOBEYS increases disobedience • Know factors that increase obedience:

  34. Stanley Milgram • Obedience to authority • Shocks • 65% of teachers went all the way • PRESSENCE OF SOMEONE ELSE WHO DISOBEYS increases disobedience • Know factors that increase obedience:

  35. Neo-Freudian • Individual psychology • Striving for Superiority • Inferiority complex • Sibling rivalry • Birth order

  36. Alfred Adler • Neo-Freudian • Individual psychology • Striving for Superiority • Inferiority complex • Sibling rivalry • Birth order

  37. Early studies in Memory • did research with himself as sole subject • Nonsense syllables • Learning Curve • Forgetting Curve • Overlearning • Spacing Effect

  38. Hermann Ebbinghaus • Early studies in Memory • did research with himself as sole subject • Nonsense syllables • Learning Curve • Forgetting Curve • Overlearning • Spacing Effect

  39. Confabulation or False Memory • Challenges eyewitness testimony • Reconstructive Nature of Memory • Misinformation Effect

  40. Elizabeth Loftus • Confabulation or False Memory • Challenges eyewitness testimony • Reconstructive Nature of Memory • Misinformation Effect

  41. g factor= general ability • S factor = specific abilities • Mental talents highly correlated • Early advocate of “More than one type of Intelligence”

  42. Charles Spearman • g factor= general ability • S factor = specific abilities • Mental talents highly correlated • Early advocate of “More than one type of Intelligence”

  43. Nobel Prize winner in medicine for work with split brain patients • Split patient’s corpus collosum • Tried to help patients with epilepsy • Lateralization of function

  44. Roger Sperry • Nobel Prize winner in medicine for work with split brain patients • Split patient’s corpus collosum • Tried to help patients with epilepsy • Lateralization of function

  45. Studied under Roger Sperry • continued research on split brain patients • Work on lateralization of function • Interested in how the hemispheres communicate

  46. Michael Gazzaniga • Studied under Roger Sperry • continued research on split brain patients • Work on lateralization of function • Interested in how the hemispheres communicate

  47. Neo-Freudian • Basic Anxiety • Womb Envy • Healthy Personality = combo of • Moving Toward • Moving Against • Moving Away

  48. Karen Horney (horn-eye) • Neo-Freudian • Basic Anxiety • Womb Envy • Healthy Personality = combo of • Moving Toward • Moving Against • Moving Away

  49. Revised Simon Binet IQ test for American children • Revision known as the STANFORD-BINET • longitudinal study of gifted kids • Participants in this study known as Termites

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