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Climate Change. What is climate change?. Weather changes all times. Climate naturally is stable but human activities cause climate change rapidly. What is major cause of climate change?. CO 2 is one of greenhouse gas caused by human activities.
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BBA(Gajaseni) Climate Change
What is climate change? • Weather changes all times. • Climate naturally is stable but human activities cause climate change rapidly. BBA(Gajaseni)
What is major cause of climate change? • CO2 is one of greenhouse gas caused by human activities. • CO2 traps solar heat in the atmosphere then air temperature is increased. • Global warming increased about 0.3-0.6OC during 1860-1994. BBA(Gajaseni)
Human activities v.s. climate change • Major contributors: (80-85% of CO2 being added to atmosphere • Coal, oil and natural gas through combustion and release CO2 BBA(Gajaseni)
Modest contributors: • Deforestation: CO2 is released by wood burning • CO2 from deforestation in tropical regions are responsible for 15-20% of CO2 emission. BBA(Gajaseni)
Paddy rice field, landfills produce methane and other greenhouse gas which causes about 30% of warming • Fertiliser and other chemicals release N2O cause about 10% of warming BBA(Gajaseni)
Not significant causes of climate change: • Aerosol spray cans (cause the loss of ozone layer) • nuclear power (no CO2 emission but high environmental risk of catastrophic accidents) • the space programme • toxic waste BBA(Gajaseni)
What are effects of climate change? • Example of changes: • The amount of pattern of rain and snow • the length of growing season • the frequency and severity of storm • The change of sea level rise BBA(Gajaseni)
What are feedbacks of climate change? • CO2 acts as fertilizer • to make plants grow faster and result in negative feedback to slowing the rate of warming. • Earth warms causes snow and ice to melt. • The ground is exposed with the sunlight and absorbed by the earth so it results positive feedback. BBA(Gajaseni)
How much warming will there be? • IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) has projected furtherincrease in global surface temperature of 1-3.5 oC by the year 2100as compared with 1990. BBA(Gajaseni)
IPCC Projection: (Oct 2001) • CO2 concentration in 2100 of 540-970 ppm. • An increase in globally averaged surface temperature of 1.4-5.8oC. • An increase in sea level of 0.09-0.88m. BBA(Gajaseni)
Can you suggest the solutions for CO2 emission reduction in Thailand? BBA(Gajaseni)
Impacts of climate change to Tropical Asia: • Ecosytems: • Water resources: • Food and fiber production: • Coastal systems: • Human health: BBA(Gajaseni)
Ecosystems: • Changes in the distribution and health of rainforest and drier monsoon forest will be complex. • In Thailand, the area of tropical forest could increase from 45% to 80% of total forest cover (prediction ???) and in Sri Lanka will increase in dry forest and decrease in wet forest. BBA(Gajaseni)
Water resources: • The Himalayas are expected to result in increased recession of glaciers and increasing danger from glacial lake outburst floods caused by increased temperature and precipitation. BBA(Gajaseni)
Food and fiber production: • Climate change impacts could result in significant changes in • crop yield • production • storage • distribution • The net effect of changes in regionwide is uncertain. BBA(Gajaseni)
Coastal systems: • Sea-level rise is the climate-related impact on large delta regions such as: • Bangladesh • Myanmar • Vietnam • Thailand • Indonesia • Philippines • Malaysia BBA(Gajaseni)
Human health: • Some vector-borne diseases are expected to increase in Tropical Asia with global warming. • Epidemic potential of • Malaria (increase 12-27%) • Schistosomiasis (decrease 11-17%) • Dengue (increase 31-47%) BBA(Gajaseni)
What can be done about climate change? • To control the future emission of CO2 and other greenhouse gases • To reduce emission from baseline of 1990 BBA(Gajaseni)
To reduce energy consumption with improving energy efficiency • To search new energy source as renewable or clean energy BBA(Gajaseni)
Abatement options • Consider 3 kinds of options: • 1. Improved energy efficiency • 2. Use of cleaner energy • 3. Changes in agriculture and forestry BBA(Gajaseni)
1. Improved energy efficiency: • Reduced energy use in building as eco-design to save energy • Improved fuel efficiency of new cars: by increased average mileage • Make appliances more efficient: refrigerators, dishwasher, etc are used new technology to save energy BBA(Gajaseni)