Classifying the Elements 6.2

Section 6.2-1 Classifying the Elements 6.2 Classifying the Elements I

Classifying the Elements 6.2-1 • A coin may contain much information in a small space - its value, the year it was minted, and its country of origin. Each square in a periodic table also contains information. You will learn what types of information are usually listed in a periodic table.

6.2-1 Squares in the Periodic Table • Squares in the Periodic Table • What type of information can be displayed in a periodic table?

6.2-1 Squares in the Periodic Table • The periodic table displays the symbols and names of the elements, along with information about the structure of their atoms.

6.2-1 Squares in the Periodic Table • The background colors in the squares are used to distinguish groups of elements. • The Group #1A elements are called Alkali Metals. • The Group #2A elements are called Alkaline Earth Metals. • The nonmetals of Group #7A are called Halogens. • The nonmetals of Group #8A are called Nobel Gases or Inert Gases.

6.2-1 Squares in the Periodic Table

6.2-1 Electron Configurations in Groups • Electron Configurations in Groups • How can elements be classified based on their electron configurations?

6.2-1 Electron Configurations in Groups • Elements can be sorted into noble gases, representative elements, transition metals, or inner transition metals based on their electron configurations.

6.2-1 Transition Elements • Blocks of Elements Representative Metals & Nonmetals Representative Metals Transition Metals Inner Transition Metals

6.2-1 Electron Configurations in Groups • The blimp contains helium, one of the noble gases.

6.2-1 Electron Configurations in Groups • The Noble Gases • The noble gases are the elements in Group #8A of the periodic table. The electron configurations for the first four noble gases in Group #8A are listed below. (Note that their outer most electron shell is completely full.)

6.2-1 Electron Configurations in Groups • The Representative Elements • Elements in groups #1A through #7A are often referred to as representative elements because they display a wide range of physical and chemical properties. • The s and p sublevels of the highest occupied energy level are not filled. • The group number (above) equals the number of electrons in the highest occupied energy level.

6.2-1 Electron Configurations in Groups • In atoms of the Group #1 elements below, there is only one electron in the highest occupied energy level.

6.2-1 Electron Configurations in Groups • In atoms of the Group #4 elements below, there are four electrons in the highest occupied energy level.

6.2-1 Representative Elements • Representative Elements

6.2-1 Transition Elements • Transition Elements • There are two types of transition elements—transition metals and inner transition metals. They are classified based on their electron configurations. • Transition metals are unique because some of them may have more than one ionic state. That is, they can have more than one ionic state. For instance, copper can by Cu+ or Cu+2.

6.2-1 Transition Elements • In atoms of Transition Metals, the highest occupied s sublevel and a nearby d sublevel contain electrons. • In atoms of Inner Transition Metals, the highest occupied s sublevel and a nearby f sublevel generally contain electrons.

6.2-1 Section Quiz • 1. Which of the following information about elements is usually NOT included in a periodic table? • color • symbol • atomic number • atomic mass

6.2-1 Section Quiz • 2. An alkali metal would have in the highest occupied energy level • an s2 electron. • an s1 electron. • p2electrons. • p6 electrons.

6.2-1 Section Quiz • 3. Which one of the following is incorrectly labeled? • Ne, noble gas • Cu, transition metal • Ga, transition metal • Cl, halogen

6.2-1 Section Quiz • 4. Transition metals are characterized as being different than representative elements because they have electrons in which suborbitals? • p • d • s • f

The End ! ! !

Classifying the Elements 6.2