Classifying Elements

1. Classifying Elements Topic 4

2. Element Symbols • The names of elements that were discovered in the 19th century came from many different sources. • The first chemist to report a new element had the right to name it. • Polonium was named after Poland, Marie Curie’s country of birth • Uranium was named after the planet Uranus • Einsteinium was name after Albert Einstein • Instead of writing these names out, chemists developed symbols

3. Element Symbols • Some elements use the first letter of their name • Ex. Hydrogen - H • Some elements use the first two letters of their name • Ex. Calcium - Ca • Some elements use two letters from their name • Ex. Magnesium - Mg • Some elements use letters from their Latin name • Ex. Lead – Pb (Plumbum)

4. Sorting Elements • Metals • Shiny, malleable, ductile. • They conduct electricity • Non-metals • Can be a solid or a gas • Solid non-metals are dull and brittle. • Most non-metals do not conduct electricity • Metalloids • Have both metallic and non-metallic properties.

5. Chemical Families • Alkali Metals • Group 1 on the periodic table • So reactive that they need special storage • Only have 1 electron in their outer shell • Alkaline Earth Metals • Group 2 on the periodic table • Reactive, but not as reactive as Alkali metals • Halogens • Group 17 on the periodic table • React vigorously with other elements, so they are naturally found in compounds • Noble Gases • Group 18 on the periodic table • Very unreactive – their outer shells are full of electrons

6. What to do now… • Work on Lab write-up (due Monday) • Work on Trading Cards (due Monday) • Work on Chemistry Dictionary