1 / 18

Janet Taylor Spence

Janet Taylor Spence. Elizabeth Mattachione Jamie Ward Nicole Larson Masaki Osada Jordan Heroux. Spence’s Background. born August 29, 1923 in Toledo, Ohio Family – emphasis on female education Marriage – Kenneth Spence. Education. High school College – undergraduate College – graduate

lilka
Download Presentation

Janet Taylor Spence

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Janet Taylor Spence Elizabeth Mattachione Jamie Ward Nicole Larson Masaki Osada Jordan Heroux

  2. Spence’s Background • born August 29, 1923 in Toledo, Ohio • Family – emphasis on female education • Marriage – Kenneth Spence

  3. Education • High school • College – undergraduate • College – graduate • Internship

  4. Postgraduate Career • Northwestern University – 1st woman in psychology department – controversy • Courses taught – statistics, abnormal psychology, personality theory, experimental psychology, history and systems, adjustment, and introductory psychology, as well as undergraduate advising. • Students like her – “She was loved by all of us—a marvelous, dedicated teacher…students were attracted to her like flies” • After marriage – nepotism policies • Return to psychology • Ashbel Smith Professor of Psychology and Educational Psychology at University of Texas.

  5. The Zeitgeist • Manifest Anxiety: Hull-Spence Theory • Reinforcement, Feedback, and Intrinsic Motivation – extrinsically motivated behavior • Gender Issues & Achievement Motivation– rise of feminism

  6. Professional Obstacles • 1940s • Yale faculty • Availability of classes • IQ research • 1970s • Cognitive psychology • Death of husband • Women’s rights movement

  7. Learning Theory and Behaviorism • Personality • Individual differences • Manifest Anxiety Scale • Research with Schizophrenia and Reinforcement

  8. Comparing Sex Role Attitudes across Ages (1979) • Across all ages, males more traditional • Among females, younger more liberal • Among males, younger more conservative

  9. Multifactorial Gender Identity Theory (1993) • Continuum of Masculinity-Femininity • College men more traditional sex roles • College women are less likely to accept traditional roles

  10. Spence’s Influence on Anxiety • Worked under Kenneth Spence and furthered the Hull-Spence Hypothesis • “Quite simply, I investigated whether chronically anxious individuals would classically condition more rapidly than less anxious individuals.” • Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale • 1951 - "Anxiety and strength of UCS as determiners of the amount of eyelid conditioning"and "The relationship of anxiety to the conditioned eyelid response"

  11. Spence’s Influence on Schizophrenia • Veteran’s Hospital in Iowa City (1960) • Austin State School for the Mentally Retarded (1964) • Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology : “Associative interference in the verbal learning performance of schizophrenics and normals” (1964) • Journal of Abnormal Psychology : “Rote learning in schizophrenics and normal subjects under positive and negative reinforcement conditions” (1965)

  12. Spence’s Influence on Women in Psychology • Northwestern University: first female faculty member (1949) • University of Texas Austin at Austin School of Education: Department of Educational Psychology Chair (1964) • "Who likes competent women? Competence, sex-role congruence of interest, and subjects' attitudes toward women as determinants of interpersonal attraction" (1972) • Attitudes Toward Women Scale (1972) • President of Southwestern Psychological Association (1972) • Personal Attributes Questionnaire (1974) • Editor for Contemporary Psychology (1974) • President of APA , sixth woman to do so (1984) • Founder and president of American Psychological Society (1989) *Only woman to have been president of both the APA and APS

  13. Words Reflecting Her Impact… • “I would consider her impact to be comparable with that of Helen of Troy, the face that launched a thousand ships. In Janet of Austin, we have the face that launched a thousand dissertations.” – Robert Helmreich • “I began to receive invitations to give talks at other universities do that I could 'serve as a role model' for their women students. The implication, I think unintended, was that whether one had something worth listening to was relatively unimportant; it was enough to be a woman.” – Janet Taylor Spence

  14. Spence’s Influence on Psychology • Several publications influencing gender, learning, personality, and schizophrenia • Concepts of Personality (1963) • Awarded the Gold Medal Award for Life Achievement in the Science of Psychology (2004)

  15. Strengths of Spence’s Ideas • Development of new views • Anxiety • Importance of Intrinsic Motivation • Development of new measurements • Manifest Anxiety Scale • Attitudes Toward Women Scale (1972) • Texas Social Behavior Inventory (1974) • Personal Attributes Questionnaire (1974) • Work and Family Orientation Questionnaire (1978) • Extended Personal Attributes Questionnaire (1979) • Male-Female Relations Questionnaire (1980)

  16. Weakness of Spence’s Ideas • Validity of the new measurements

  17. Janet Taylor Spence • In summary…

  18. References Gold medal award for life achievement in the science of psychology (2004). American Psychologist, 59, 361-363. Spence, J.T. (1963). Learning Theory and Personality. In J. M. Wepman & R. W. Heine (Eds.), Concepts of Personality (3-28). Chicago, IL: Aldine Publishing Company. O’Connell, Agnes N. & Russo, Nancy Felipe. Women in Psychology: A Bio-Bibliographic Sourcebook. New York: Greenwood Press, Inc., 1990. O’Connell, Agnes N. & Russo, Nancy Felipe. Models of Achievement Reflections of Eminent Women in Psychology. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988. Psychiatric Rating Scales for Anxiety. (n.d.). Retrieved June 10, 2007, from http://www.neurotransmitter.net/anxietyscales.html Spence, J.T., & Lair, C. V. (1964). Associative interference in the verbal learning performance of schizophrenics and normals. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 68 (2), 204-209, from PsycARTICLES database. Spence, J.T., Lair, C.V., & Goodstein, L. D. (1965). Rote learning in schizophrenic and normal subjects under positive and negative reinforcement conditions. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 70(4), 251-261, from PsycARTICLES database. Spence, J. T., & Helmreich, R. L. (1979). Comparison of masculine and feminine personality attributes and sex-role attitudes across age groups. Developmental Psychology, 15, 583-584. Spence, J.T., & Helmreich, R.L. (1978). Masculinity and femininity: Their psychological dimensions, correlates, and antecedents. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. Spence, J. T. (1963). Learning theory and personality. In J. M. Wepman, & R. W. Heine (Eds.), Concepts of Personality (pp.3-29). Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company. Spence, J. T. (1993). Gender-related traits and gender ideology: Evidence for a multi-factorial theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 624-635 Swann, William B., Langlois, Judith H., Gilbert, Lucia.Sexism and Stereotypes in Modern Society: The Gender Science of Janet Taylor Spence. Washington, D.C: American Psychological Association, 1999.. Wepman, J. M., & Heine, R.W.. Concepts of Personality Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company, 1963. Women’s Intellectual Contributions to the Study of the Mind and Society. (n.d.). Retrieved June 9, 2007, from http://www.webster.edu/~woolflm/spence.html

More Related