The Rise and fall of Mughal Empire(1526-1707)

1. The Rise and fall of Mughal Empire(1526-1707) The Early Modern Era in India History of South and South East Asia

2. The Origins of Mughal Empire • The Mughals descended from Mongol stock in Turkestan. They were, however, quite distant from their original ancestors. The Mughals had become Islamic, for the Middle Eastern Mongol invaders had converted to Islam long before. They had also thoroughly absorbed Middle Eastern culture, especially Persian culture (the Persian word for Mongol is "Mughal," from which we get the English word, "mogul," meaning "tycoon"), and their wars of invasion spread Persian culture throughout India. History of South and South East Asia

3. The Foundation of Mughal Empire • The founder of the Mughal dynasty was Babur, who ruled from 1483 to 1530. Babur was not fully a Mongol: his mother was descended from Genghis Khan, but his father was descended from Timur. He ruled over a small kingdom in Turkestan; he expanded his kingdom by attacking Afghanistan and capturing Kabul in 1504. From there he crossed over the mountains into Hindustan and attacked the Dehli Sultanate in 1526. When he died in 1530 he had conquered all of Hindustan and controlled an empire that extended from the Deccan to Turkestan. Western Historians attributed his victory to the use of firearms-a fact now disputed by other historians. History of South and South East Asia

4. India under Akbar (1556-1605) • Babur's son Humayun succeeded him in 1530, but was defeated by Sher Shah, an Afghan who ruled north India for 15 years, in 1540. Humayun only just managed to regain his father's territories before his death and the accession of his 13 year old son, Akbar, whose 49 year reign laid the foundation of empire. History of South and South East Asia

5. India under Akbar (1556-1605) • Akbar’s Conquests • Theory of Kingship • Akbar’s Military Administrative System- Mansabdars • Land Revenue Collection Systems and Jagirdars • Alliance with Rajput Warriors • Abolition of Special tax Jizyat and Pilgrimage Tax • Din-i-Ilahi ( Religion of God) and sulahkul ( Universal Tolerance) History of South and South East Asia

6. The Last Three Great Mughal Rulers • Jehangir (1605-1627) • Shajahan(1627-1658) • Aurangzeb(1658-1707) History of South and South East Asia

7. The Crisis of Mughal Empire • War of Succession • Fiscal Crisis (Jagirdari Crisis) • Heavy Tax Burden on the Peasantry • Wars of Peasant Resistance • Return of Jizyat and Pilgrimage Tax • Collapse of Alliance with Hindu Warriors History of South and South East Asia

8. Mughal Commercial System • The Arrival of Portuguese • Commercial Empire of Dutch, English and French Companies • Commercial Revolution in India • Banking System • Separation between Political and Economic Elites History of South and South East Asia

9. Mughal Art and Architecture • Synthesis of Indian and Persian Styles in Architecture • Mughal Style of Painting • Fusion in Music • An era of Splendor and Poverty History of South and South East Asia