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The Mughal Empire In India

The Mughal Empire In India. 1526-1707. Mughals- Who Are They???. Muslim Turks, Afghans and Mongols “Mughal” means Mongols 700-1000:Hindus and Muslims clash, with Muslims advancing only towards Indus River Valley

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The Mughal Empire In India

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  1. The Mughal Empire In India 1526-1707

  2. Mughals- Who Are They??? • Muslim Turks, Afghans and Mongols • “Mughal” means Mongols • 700-1000:Hindus and Muslims clash, with Muslims advancing only towards Indus River Valley • 1000: Turkish armies enter India, led by Sultan Mahmud, and devastate Indian cities and temples, leaving region weak and vulnerable

  3. Mughals- Who Are They??? • Turkish Warlords (Delhi Sultanate) establish Delhi as its capital • Treat Hindus as conquered people • Delhi Sultanate (1200-1600): 33 different sultans rule over territory • 1398: Timur the Lame destroys Delhi • Eventually rebuilt, but territories not unified as an empire until the 16th century

  4. Mughals- Who Are They??? • 1494: 11 year old boy, Babur, inherits a tiny kingdom in what is now Uzbekistan and Tajikistan • Elders take land away from him and forces him to leave (heads south) • Babur builds an army & enters India (beginnings of Mughal Empire)

  5. Mughals- Who Are They??? • 1526: Babur leads an army of 12,000 troops against an army of 100,000 (led by a Delhi Sultan) • Babur and his army win • Humayun: loses most of territory obtained by Babur • Akbar and the Golden Age of the Mughal Empire

  6. Akbar’s Golden Age (1556-1605) • Connect with people through his presence; wanted to be seen • “A king must always be aggressive so that his neighbors will not try to conquer him” • Militarily • Politically • Culturally

  7. Akbar’s Golden Age (1556-1605) • Militarily • Heavy artillery; canons→ break down walls & extend rule into Deccan Plateau • Appoints rajputs (sons of kings, old rulers on India) as gov’t officials • Enables him to unify a land of over 100 million people

  8. Akbar’s Golden Age (1556-1605) • Politically • Establishes a bureaucracy, in which all peoples could advance within • Chief finance minister, Todal Mal (Hindu), creates a graduated income tax policy (amt. you pay depends on value of crops) • Land given to gov’t officials, but reclaims it after they die • Abolishes tax on non-Muslims

  9. Akbar’s Golden Age (1556-1605) • Culturally- was Muslim; defends rel. freedom • Married Hindu princesses (didn’t have to convert) • Language • Persian Language spoke in gov’t & high society • Hindi- spoken by “common people” (Combo of Persian & a local Hindu language); spoken today • Urdu- spoken by soldiers; “from the soldier’s camp” (Combo of Arabic, Persian & Hindi); official language of Pakistan today

  10. Akbar’s Golden Age (1556-1605) • Culturally • Arts & Architecture • Miniatures- small, highly detailed & colorful book illustrations; most famous inside Akbarnamah (“Book of Akbar”) • Akbar period architecture- massive, yet graceful; displaces Hindu themes • Fatehpur Sikri (capital city)- built with red sandstone to thank a holy man who predicted birth of Akbar’s 1st son

  11. “Festivities During the Occasion of the Coronation of Jahangir” (1605)

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