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English II

English II. Unit 1. Tiempos Verbales (Tenses).

lillian-hughes
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English II

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  1. English II Unit 1

  2. Tiempos Verbales (Tenses) • Tense shows the time of a verb's action or being. There are three inflected forms reflected by changes in the endings of verbs. The present tense: "She is a student. She drives a new car." The simple past tense: "She was a student. She drove a new car." • Unlike other languages, English does not have inflected forms for the future tense. Instead, English future forms are created with the use of auxiliaries: "She will be a student. She is going to drive a new car." English can even create the future by using the present tense, "The bus arrives later this afternoon," or the present progressive, "He is relocating to Portland later next month."

  3. THE INDEFINITE TENSEPRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE(or Simple Present)

  4. Usos • Expresa una acción o estado habitual • Un hecho universal o una verdad general • Se usa la forma simple del verbo, con el agregado de una “s” en la tercera persona del singular (HE-SHE-IT). • En las formas interrogativa y negativa usamos el auxiliar “To Do” (DO-DOES), en la tercera persona del singular. • Suelerelacionarse con expresiones tales como: “every day, every week, always, once a week, etc.”

  5. Examples: I read PC magazine every month. I work on my PC in the morning. These PCs do not work. These PCs don’t work. Where do you find the newest softwares? This manual specifies the characteristics of this motherboard. What does that manual show? That manual does not present the BIOS software = That manual doesn’t present the BIOS software.

  6. NOTICE: To finish -he finishesTo wash -he washes To teach -he teachesTo dress -he dresses To pass -he passes To study -he studies To copy -he copies To go -he goes To do -he does

  7. PAST INDEFINITE TENSE (Simple Past) • Se usa para denotar una acción o estado que está completado en o durante algún tiempo pasado definido. • Se lo acompaña frecuentemente con palabras como “Yesterday”, “lastweek”, “lastmonth”, “ago”, etc.

  8. Examples • Charles delivered the softwares. • He didnotdeliverthesoftwares. • Did he deliver the softwares? • Nancy bought a computeryesterday. • She did not buy a computer yesterday. • Did she buy a computer yesterday?

  9. Regular Verbs • Regular Verbs - Spelling III InfinitivePastInfinitivePast to like -he liked to copy -he copied to live -he lived to study -he studied to use -he used to apply -he applied III InfinitivePast to stop -he stopped to rub -he rubbed to fit -he fitted

  10. Irregular Verbs • Short list

  11. FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSE (Simple Future) Se usa para indicar una acción que tiene lugar en algún tiempo definido o indefinido en el futuro: Examples: I shall see you tomorrow He will not do it They will return next week Will Betty be present at the party? We shall go there next month The girls will not sing with us Este tiempo responde al futuro simple del indicativo en castellano, y se forma con los auxiliares “Shall” (primera persona singular y plural) y “Will” (segunda y tercera del singular y plural), con la forma simple del verbo. Dejamos aclarado que estos auxiliares tienen otros usos e implicaciones.

  12. Goingto (Future) • Este tiempo verbal se utiliza para expresar una acción que está siendo planeada y que se concretará en un futuro. Se forma utilizando el verbo To Be (am - is- are) y “Goingto” como auxiliares seguido por el verbo principal que expresa la acción en infinitivo. • Examples: - They are going to sit for the test next week. • The student is going to see the experiment in ten minutes.

  13. THE CONTINUOUS TENSES(Auxiliar To Be y Verb-ing) Usos: Se expresa una acción que se desarrolla en el momento de hablar (“PresentContinuous”), o se estaba desarrollando en determinado momento del pasado (“PastContinuous”), o estará ocurriendo en algún instante del futuro (“FutureContinuous”). Dos elementos lo caracterizan: el auxiliar “To Be” en su acepción ESTAR y el participio presente (ING) del verbo que se mantiene invariable en todas las personas.

  14. PresentPerfect Tense Este tiempo de verbo se usa: • a) para denotar una acción o estado que se ha completado durante algún período de tiempo presente reciente, tales como “today” (hoy), “thisweek” (esta semana), “thismonth” (este mes), etc. Examples: She has not come today Have you seen Mr. White this week? I have visited the museum this afternoon

  15. b) para indicar una acción o estado que tiene lugar durante un período de tiempo que dure hasta el momento de hablar. Palabras tales como “lately” (ultimamente), “recently” (recientemente), “ever” (alguna vez), “never” (nunca), etc. se usan junto con este tiempo verbal. Examples: I have never seen a U.F.O (Unknown Flying Object) Have you ever been to London? He hasn’t spoken to me lately.

  16. c) para denotar una acción que acaba de completarse: Examples: She has just arrived I have just read the newspaper He has come at last

  17. d) Cuando la acción está completada, pero no se ha expresado ningún tiempo. En este caso, el resultado de la acción puede experimentarse ahora (NOW): Examples: She has had a difficult life so far. Have you slept well? I have closed the door

  18. PastPerfect Tense • Se usa para indicar una acción que está completada en el pasado y es anterior a alguna otra acción pasada o a algún tiempo pasado: Examples: When I came back home, Father had left La acción de salir es anterior a la de volver He had finished his work at 8 o’clock last night We had arrived at the station before the train started Hugh had lived in Rosario for ten years When it rained they had finished the football game

  19. FuturePerfect Tense • No es muy frecuente este tiempo, por lo que sólo nos limitamos a dar unos ejemplos: Examples: She will have seen it in B.A. I shall have visited him there The teacher will have taught you the passive voice.

  20. Verb Tenses

  21. Verb Tenses

  22. Activity 1 • Identify what tense each sentence belongs to. 1.     I have been working all day. 2.     I went to the supermarket. 3.     I like making cakes. 4.     I have been to Scotland many times. 5.     I will have been studying for five years when I finish my degree. 6.     I had studied French before I went to Paris. 7.     I will go to the beach on Friday. 8.     I eat vegetables every day. 9.     I will have been to ten more cities by the time I leave Europe. 10.  I had been running for three kilometres when I had an accident. 11.  I will be cooking dinner at this time tomorrow. 12.  I was eating dinner when he arrived.

  23. Activity 2 • Make sentences using the following words in the tense given. • 1.     I/be/walk/park (past continuous) • 2.     We/arrive/last night (past simple) • 3.     He/have/cook/three hours/when/she/come (past perfect continuous/past simple) • 4.     We/be/watch/TV /when he/knock/on/the door (past continuous/past simple) • 5.     I/be/Switzerland/next week (simple future) • 6.     She/training/for five years before the next Olympic games (future perfect progressive) • 7.     I/study/English/next year (Future continuous)

  24. Modo Mood in verbs refers to one of three attitudes that a writer or speaker has to what is being written or spoken. • Theindicative mood is used to make a statement or ask a question. • Theimperative mood is used when we're feeling sort of bossish and want to give a directive, strong suggestion, or order: Get your homework done before you watch television tonight. Please include cash payment with your order form. Get out of town! • Thesubjunctive mood is used to: 1) express a wish; 2) begin with if and express a condition that does not exist (is contrary to fact); 3) begin with as if and as though when such clauses describe a speculation or condition contrary to fact; and 4) begin with that and express a demand, requirement, request, or suggestion She wishes her boyfriend were here. If Juan were more aggressive, he'd be a better hockey player. We would have passed if we had studied harder. He acted as if he were guilty. I requested that he be present at the hearing.

  25. References • Alexisbenglishclass - Irregular verbshttps://alexisbenglishclass.wikispaces.com/Irregular+verbsRetrievedon 17th March, 2014. • Compendio de Gramática Inglés II. Tecnicatura Superior en Programación. • TheEnglishCoffer 1 http://englishcoffer-cse.blogspot.com.ar/2011_05_01_archive.htmlRetrievedon 17th March, 2014. • Verbs and Verbalshttp://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/verbs.htm#tenseRetrievedon 17th March, 2014.

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