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Exploring the Periodic Law: Organizing Elements in Chemistry

Learn the history, arrangement, and properties of the Periodic Table of Elements, including trends, groups, and the contributions of key chemists. Understand the characteristics of metals, metalloids, and nonmetals within the table.

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Exploring the Periodic Law: Organizing Elements in Chemistry

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  1. Chapter 5 The Periodic Law West Valley High School Chemistry Mr. Mata

  2. Standard 1C • How to use the Periodic Table to identify specific groups and trends for specific traits.

  3. Essential Question • How is the Periodic Table of Elements arranged to be a useful tool in chemistry?

  4. 5-1 History of the Periodic Table • Cannizzaro (1826-1910) developed a method for measuring atomic masses. Stanislao Cannizzaro

  5. Mendeleev (1834-1907) Created the 1st periodic table based on increasing atomic mass. Dmitri Mendeleev

  6. Moseley (1887-1915) set up the periodic table according by increasing atomic number. Henry Moseley

  7. Periodic = repeating pattern. • Ex: days of week, months of year, seasons, ocean waves, life cycles. • Periodic Table of Elements - refers to properties of elements that repeat on each row (period). • Contains 7 periods.

  8. Periodic law: chemical & physical properties of elements are periodic functions of atomic #’s. • When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic #, a periodic repetition of their properties occurs.

  9. Periodic table: arrangement of elements in order of their atomic numbers. • elements with similar properties are in the same family (group).

  10. Group 1 (Alkali Metals) combine vigorously with many nonmetals. • very reactive. • not found in nature as free elements. • Ex: Li, Na, K

  11. Group 2 (Alkaline-Earth Metals) • harder, denser, stronger, higher melting points than group 1. • not found in nature as free elements. • Ex: Mg, Ca, Sr

  12. Copper Iron • Groups 3-12 (Transition metals) • Very colorful. • Metallic properties. Chromium Cobalt

  13. Cerium • Lanthanides • “rare earth” elements. • Shiny, reactive, metals. • Actinides • Unstable; reactive. • Most synthetically produced in labs.

  14. Modern Periodic Table • Glenn Seaborg (1912 – 1999). • Discovered several transuranium elements. • 1951 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. • Element 106 (Sg) Seaborgium named in his honor.

  15. Seaborg placed actinides below lanthanides • These elements are sometimes placed beneath the rest of the table. • Why???? …….to save space on table. • allowed prediction of properties of newly-discovered actinides based on properties of lanthanides.

  16. Let’s Compare! • Nonmetals • Solids, liquids & gases at RT • Solids are brittle and dull • Poor conductors of heat & elect. • Metalloids • Properties of metals & nonmetals • Mostly brittle solids • Intermed. conductors of elect. - aka semi -conductors • Metals • Good conductors of heat & elect. • Malleable • Ductile • Luster • Solids at RT

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