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Native and Colonial America

Native and Colonial America. Unit I AP U.S. History. Bering Sea Land Bridge Migration. Natives. Nomads Agriculturally-based (maize/corn) Hopewells /Mississippian Moundbuilders Iroquois Iroquois Confederacy. Native Map of North America. Europe. Renaissance (rebirth)

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Native and Colonial America

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  1. Native and Colonial America Unit I AP U.S. History

  2. Bering Sea Land Bridge Migration

  3. Natives • Nomads • Agriculturally-based (maize/corn) • Hopewells/Mississippian • Moundbuilders • Iroquois • Iroquois Confederacy

  4. Native Map of North America

  5. Europe • Renaissance (rebirth) • Growth of Nation-States (England, France, Spain, Portugal) • Protestant Reformation and Religious Wars • Lutheranism • Calvinism - predestination • Church of England aka Anglican Church • Catholic Counter-Reformation

  6. European Colonization • Columbus in 1492 spearheads European intervention into America • Relations with natives • Spain • Encomienda system and asiento system • England • France

  7. Smallpox

  8. Columbian Exchange

  9. Treaty of Tordesillas

  10. European Colonies

  11. England • Defeat of Spanish Armada in 1588 makes England a superior naval power • Population increases • Joint-stock companies develop • Religious conflicts divide the nation • Weak monarchs, civil wars, and revolutions

  12. English Colonies • Charters • Corporate Colony • Granted a charter to stockholders • Ex. Virginia • Proprietary Colony • Granted a charter to individual or group • Ex. Maryland, Pennsylvania • Royal Colony • Under direct control of the monarch • Ex. New Hampshire • Eventually, 8 of the 13 colonies became royal colonies, including Virginia and Massachusetts

  13. The First English Colonies • First Attempt: Roanoke in 1585 • First Permanent: Jamestown, Virginia in 1607 • John Smith – “he that will not work shall not eat” • John Rolfe - tobacco

  14. Who is this?

  15. Oh yeah…Pocahontas

  16. Disney’s John Smith

  17. Hollywood’s John Smith

  18. This is John Smith.

  19. Pilgrims • Separatists to Holland then head for Virginia • Mayflower takes Separatists and others to Jamestown but weather complicates matters • Settlers decide to remain and establish Plymouth - 1620

  20. Mayflower Compact

  21. The Mayflower (II)

  22. Look, a big rock.

  23. Wampanoag Dwelling

  24. Plymouth Colony

  25. Pulpit/Religion

  26. Thirteen Colonies

  27. New England • Massachusetts Bay Colony and Puritans (1630) • John Winthrop and “city upon a hill” • Providence, Rhode Island, and Roger Williams (1636) • “Wall of separation” • Portsmouth and Anne Hutchinson (1638) • Antinomianism • Hartford, New Haven, Connecticut, and Thomas Hooker (1636-1637) • New Hampshire (1679)

  28. New England Culture • Massachusetts under strict Puritanical lifestyle • Religious toleration and dissent lead to Rhode Island • Halfway Covenant: attempt to increase members • Salem Witch Trials (1692-1693) • Cotton Mather • Spectral evidence • Education by mothers • Towns with over 50 families required primary schools; 100, grammar schools

  29. New England Politics • Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639) • First written constitution in America • New England Confederation (1643-1684) • Defense alliance among Plymouth, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Haven • King Philip’s (Metacom) War (1675-1676) • New England Confederation defeats Wampanoag alliance

  30. Middle Colonies • New Amsterdam transferred to Duke of York in 1664 to become New York • Lands taken from New York to establish New Jersey by 1702 • Develop wheat and corn farms and eventually into manufacturing and trade • Delaware created by Pennsylvania (1702) • Education by private or churches

  31. Pennsylvania • William Penn establishes Quaker-based colony in Pennsylvania (1681) • Religious Society of Friends aka Quakers • Holy Experiment • Religious refuge • Liberal political ideals • Economic success • Frame of Government and Charter of Liberties

  32. Southern Colonies • Maryland (1634) • Virginia (1607) • Carolinas (1663) • North Carolina (1729) • South Carolina (1729) • Georgia (1732) • Limited education due to agricultural base

  33. Virginia • House of Burgesses in 1619 • First legislative assembly in the colonies • Becomes royal colony in 1624 • Bacon’s Rebellion (1676) • Inequities between large landowners and western farmers • Nathanial Bacon vs. William Berkeley • Headright System • 50 acres to each paying immigrant or plantation owner who paid for immigrant

  34. Maryland • Lord Baltimore establishes colony for Catholics • Act of Toleration (1649) • Toleration of all Christian sects • Death to those who denied Jesus • Religious civil war brought control to Protestants

  35. Carolinas • North Carolina • Tobacco plantations • Well-established autonomy • South Carolina • Rice plantations • Became heavily dependent on slavery

  36. Georgia • James Oglethorpe establishes in 1732 • Social experiment • Defensive buffer to Spanish Florida • Debtors colony

  37. Colonial Religion • Diverse among colonies regarding strict adherence and religious toleration • Domination by Protestants; little influence of Anglican Church; other sects and denominations viewed as bizarre • The Great Awakening (1730s-1740s) • Over time, economics became prominent over religious conviction • Jonathan Edwards and “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” • George Whitefield • Development of evangelism and individual faith

  38. Colonial Religion

  39. Colonial Politics • Limited Self-Government • Elected legislative assemblies • Governors • Voting • Limited to adult male educated and/or property owners

  40. Colonial Culture/Society Rural Urban

  41. Colonial Society • American Social Structure • Wealthy landowners • Merchants • Small farmers • Craftspeople • Opportunity • Less dependent on heredity • Gender Roles • Men • Patriarchal society, landowners, workers • Women • Submissive to men but respected, domestic responsibilities, limited to no political rights

  42. Colonial American Culture • Becoming American • Pragmatism • Dominance of English culture • Folkways • Differed by coast/frontier, New England/Middle/Southern colonies

  43. Colonial Culture - The Arts • Architecture • Early colonies centered around a church • Urban structures typical of English structures • Frontier log cabins • Painting • Portrait painters and landscapes • Literature • Religious sermons, political essays, non-fiction books • Poor Richard’s Almanac - Benjamin Franklin

  44. Typical Colony Layout

  45. Colonial Culture - Education and Information • Learning • Prominent in New England colonies • Education limited to wealthy males; females learned domestic chores • Newspapers • Limited content on weekly basis • John Peter Zenger case (1735)

  46. Immigration • 250,000 in 1701 to 2.5 million in 1775 • Europeans and Africans along with a high birth rate • Reasons: religion; economics; political turmoil • English, Germans (Pennsylvania Dutch), Scottish, Irish, Dutch, Swedish  OLD IMMIGRANTS • Africans forced to America; suffered discrimination and slave labor

  47. Slavery • Indentured servitude • Labor shortages lead to importing slaves • Cheap labor • Dependable work force • Stono Rebellion/Cato Rebellion – 1739 in South Carolina • New York “Conspiracy” - 1741 • Slave laws

  48. Slave Demographics

  49. Mercantilism and Triangle Trade • Colonies for the Mother Country • Acts of Navigation • Trade on English ships • Imports pass English ports • Exports to England • Triangular Trade • Middle Passage

  50. Dominion of New England (1686-1689) • Established by King James II to consolidate colonies • Administrative union of Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey • Governor Edmund Andros • Dissolution

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