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Explore the final chapter of the 20th century with the collapse of the Soviet Union, rise of globalization, and global challenges. From the Reagan Doctrine to post-Soviet Russia, Middle East conflicts, and the impact of globalization on business, migration, and global problems. Discover how interconnectedness and rapid changes shape our world today. Reflect on the positives and negatives of globalization and compare it to past historical developments like the Silk Road and Columbian Exchange.
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The 20th Century and Beyond Chapter 36: The Final Chapter
I. The end of the Cold War • Reagan Doctrine- US assist in any anticommunist resistance • Afghanistan • Ironically, we return to fight many of the men we armed in 2001 • Soviet Union’s military was stretched • Economic challenges • Various satellite nations soon split off
I. The End of the Cold War • Mikhail Gorbachev • Instituted many reforms • Anti-Stalinism • Glasnost (openness)- “freedom to criticize) • Limitations on nuclear weapons • Perestroika (economic restructuring)- decentralization of industry • Government not all powerful • Social reforms • People eventually became unhappy with too much change • Soviet Union started to collapse between 1989-1990
II. Post Soviet Union • Boris Yeltsin • Took over in 1991 which became the end of the Soviet Union • President of Russia • Renounced Communism- brought in a free-market economy • Used military force to overthrow the Soviet Parliament • Vladimir Putin • Replace Yeltsin in 1999 • Freedom of Press? • Democracy and Freedom?
III. The Middle East • Area of conflict • Persian Gulf War 1991 • Saddam Hussein (Iraq) invades Kuwait • United States gets involved and organizes coalition (some argue only for oil reasons) • Al-Qaeda upset that U.S. has troops in Saudi / Holy Land • War on Terrorism • Result of 9/11 attacks • Resulted in a War in Afghanistan and War in Iraq • Major power comes from oil
IV. Globalization • Globalization- The interconnectedness of the World • Describes how the world has become smaller due to communication and transportation • Technology! • Describes how one issue in one part of the world has a significant impact in another • Level of globalization increases dramatically everyday • 1990- Tim Berns “creates the internet” (not Al Gore) • 2001- 25% of world has internet • 2010- between 30-40%
IV. Globalization • Business • Multinational corporations: have operations in more than one other country • Outsourcing • Various businesses have different departments or locations around the world • Sometimes more powerful than the host company • Force improvements in communication and transportation
IV. Globalization • Migration • “Guest Workers” • Immigration increases with ease of transportation • Brings about language barriers • Multiculturalism • Cultural Globalization • Americanization • McDonalds • Usually includes native variations • Science and arts • Working together around the world
IV. Globalization • United Nations • Originally started to keep peace • Provides aid • Works on global health and human rights issues • Issues with religions • Spread of world cultures sometimes runs against fundamental religious groups • Ex. Islam in the Middle East • Results in conflict
V. Global Problems • Spread of Disease • Ease of travel makes the threat of pandemics a larger problem • Swine Flu, SARS, AIDS etc. • Upside: worldwide efforts towards eradicating these diseases • Environmental issues • Worldwide Concern • Awareness of how local issues can be a worldwide issue • Problem can be compounded as a result of rapid growth in developing countries • Usually encouraged by industrial countries
VI. Wrap Up • Globalization has its positives and negatives • Compare and contrast current Globalization to previous growth in world trade for example Silk Road and Columbian Exchange. • Everything in history has lead us to this point in time
The End (Except for….. Wait for it, The Mongols!)