930 – 937 Recognize examples of European Art Movements of the 20 th Century

1. 930 – 937 • Recognize examples of European Art Movements of the 20th Century

2. Art/Architecture * Number your paper 1-11 and: • Identify the style of each of the following pieces of artwork. • Describe the characteristics of each piece.

3. 1. 1.

4. 2.

5. 3.

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7. 5.

8. 6.

9. 7.

10. 8.

11. 9.

12. 10

13. 11.

14. 1 1 3 3 5 3 4. 2

15. 6 8 . 10. 11. 7 9.

16. Modernism: • A new art style of the pre-World War I period through the 1920s that rejected old forms, styles, values and attitudes of the previous era. • Modernist artists constantly experimented with and searched for new kinds of artistic style and expression including the strange, disturbing and even ugly to express their rejection of “old” values. • There are many examples of this new overall style of art in painting, architecture and music.

17. Functionalism (Architecture) • Style of architecture stressing the idea that design should be based on the purpose the building will serve or it’s function. • Functionalism rejected any and all ornamentation and focused instead on the practicality of design of clean, simple lines. • Examples: • Franco-Swiss architect Le Corbusier insisted that “a house is a machine for living in”.

18. Functionalism • American Louis H. Sullivan led the Chicago school of architects in the 1890s. • Used steel, concrete and elevators to build new skyscrapers with limited exterior decoration. • American Frank Lloyd Wright (Sullivan’s student) used mass produced materials to build houses with low lines, open interiors and tried to blend it into it’s surroundings. Frank Lloyd Wright design

19. Frank Lloyd Wright

20. Frank Lloyd Wright

21. Functionalism • German architect Walter Gropius developed a new style of functionalism called the Bauhaus or “International Style”: • Merged strict functionalism with beauty in his designs using glass and iron in a multi-disciplinary approach. • In 1911 Gropius broke with tradition with his design of the Fagus Shoe Factory in Germany. • Mies van der Rohe followed Gropius in his design of the Lake Shore Apartments in Chicago (1948-51).

22. Mies Van der Rohe Large glass blocks

23. Post-Impressionism or Expressionists (painting) • Modern painting grew as a revolt against French Impressionism which attempted to copy images exactly as they were. • Instead, they tried to capture the momentary feeling or impression of light falling in that instant on an ob- ject or real life scene. • Claude Monet, “The Rowboat” • Pierre Renoir, “The Boating Party” • Camille Pissarro “Two Women Chatting By the Sea”

24. Post Impressionism or Expressionists • By 1890, this style developed as a way to portray the unseen world, the inner world of emotion and imagination. • Other later examples: • Vincent van Gogh “The Starry Night) 1889 • Paul Gaugin, “Teapot and Fruit”, still life • Paul Cezanne, “Fruit”, 1856 • Henry Matisse, “Woman Reading”, 1894

25. Cubism (1900-20s) • Used abstract geometric shapes and overlapping planes and zig- zag lines to paint real-life objects. • Goal was to devalue previous art movements through a dramatic change and separate their art from the conventional understanding of perspective: • Pablo Picasso, Spanish artist working in Paris, “The Three Musicians”

26. Pablo Picasso’s Self-Portraits

27. Les Demoiselles de Avignon Picasso

28. Picasso and War (1937-1945) • Guernica depicts the massacre after German planes bombed the city and 1,600 civilians on April 26, 1937, during the Spanish Civil War

29. Cubism (1900-20s) • Used abstract geometric shapes and overlapping planes and zig- zag lines to paint real-life objects. • Goal was to devalue previous art movements through a dramatic change and separate their art from the conventional understanding of perspective: • Pablo Picasso, Spanish artist working in Paris, “The Three Musicians” • Wassily Kandinsky, viewed paintings as representations of mood not objects.

30. Cubism: Georges Braque (1882-1963) • Painted with bright colors and unassembled forms until 1908, but changed styles after he was injured in WWI • Worked with Picasso

31. Cubism: Juan Gris

32. Dadaism • It delighted in the non-sensicaland outrageous. • Believed that art had become meaningless and purposeless because of war and violence. • One rule: Don’t follow any rules! • Marcel Duchamp repainted the Mona Lisa…(with mustache!) • Jean Arp would drop shredded paper and then paint the pattern.

33. Francis Picabia(1879-1953)

34. Surrealism (1920’s – 1950’s) • Painted a world of the fantastic, wild, dream-like quality relying heavily on symbolism. • Salvador Dalí, “The Persistence of Memory” • Marc Chagall, “The Cattle Dealer” • Rene Magritte, “The Son of Man”

35. Rene Magritte “The Trechery of Images”

36. Rene Magritte “The False Mirror”

37. Modernism in music paralleled those in music and was very similar to the emotional intensity of Expressionist artists of the day. • Igor Stravinsky, ballet “The Rite of Spring” (ballet) • Alban Berg, opera “Wozzeck” • Arnold Schonberg, composer who abandoned traditional harmony and tonality and used “atonal composition”. (pianoconcerto)

38. Modern Movies &Radio • Traditional local forms of entertainment began to be replaced with more commercial, standardized forms of mass media. • The Great Train Robbery (1903) • “Birth of a Nation” – (1915) D. W. Griffith • Keystone Kops – Max Sennett • “Charlie Chaplin”, Mary Pickford, Lillian Gish, Douglas Fairbanks, Rudolph Valentino, Clara Bow were just some of the early “silent” movie stars. • Singer/dancers of the “sound” era of motion pictures included Ginger Rogers and Fred Astaire. • Foreign film-makers sometimes produced propaganda pictures such as Germany’s Lena Riefenstahl’s “Triumph of the Will” about Nazi Party. • Radio developed quickly following Guglielmo Marconi’s invention of the first wireless communication in 1901.