Chapter 1 Overview: Many Cultures Meet

1. Chapter 1 Overview: Many Cultures Meet SSUSH1: The student will describe European settlement in North America during the 17th century. Chapter 2 Overview: European Establish Colonies SSUSH1a: Explain Virginia’s development; include the Virginia Company, tobacco cultivation, relationships with Native Americans such as Powhatan, development of the House of Burgesses, Bacon’s Rebellion, and the development of slavery. SSUSH1d. Explain the reasons for French settlement of Quebec. Ch. 1 and Ch. 2 section 1-3

2. 1. By the 1700s, three European nations made claim to the land in North America. Name them. A. France, Austria, and Italy B. England, France, and Spain C. Portugal, Spain, and England D. Russia, Spain, and England2. What was possibly the first crop grown by Native Americans? A. Coffee C. Corn B. Wheat D. Bananas3. Early Native American civilizations left evidence of a dominant culture in Middle and South America. Which civilization was known for their capital city Tenochtitlan? A. Maya C. Olmec B. Aztec D. Mississippian B. England, France, and Spain C. Corn B. Aztec

3. QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW1. In the land that became the U.S., the Spanish inhabited A. Florida C. Kansas B. Texas D. All of the Above2. The men largely responsible for Spain’s conquest of the new world were known as A. Los conquistadors C. Sea dogs B. Conquest leaders D. World conquerors3. Who led the Spanish march into the Aztec empire in 1519? A. Hernando Cortes C. Hernando de Soto B. Francisco Pizzaro D. Francisco de Coronado4. What was a reason for French colonization of America? A. Fur trading C. Educational organization B. Religious freedom D. Escape from the plague D. All of the Above A. Los conquistadors A. Hernando Cortes A. Fur trading

4. 5. In 1608, Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec, which became the capital of the new colony of A. Nova Scotia C. Canada B. Iceland D. France6. The Spanish established a great empire in the New World called A. New Spain C. Brazil B. Peru D. El Salvador7. These people were of mixed Spanish (European) and Native American ancestry A. Mongollons C. Mullatto B. Mestizo D. Conquistadors8. When the Spanish monarchy abolished this system, Spanish landlords in New Spain turned to African slaves to meet their needs of labor A. Slavery C. Nativism B. Encomienda D. Spanish conquest D. France A. New Spain*** B. Mestizo*** B. Encomienda***

5. Columbian Exchange Widespread transfer of plants (agricultural goods), animals, and diseases (microbes) between the Eastern (Europe) and Western (Americas) Hemispheres that occurred after 1492 around Columbus’ first voyage and continues today.

7. SOUTHERN COLONIESBritish Southern colonies consisting of Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia The government of theSouthern colonies was representative assemblies and the economywas dependent on a cash crops such as tobacco (main crop), rice,and indigo.

8. Jamestown First successful English colony in North America founded in Virginia in 1607. Three small ships sailed from England to establish a colony in Virginia, arriving in May 1607. Jamestown became America's first permanent English settlement.

10. Questions for Review1.The problem of raising money to settle in the New World led to English merchant capitalists creating the institution of A. Mercantilism C. Primogeniture B. Headright System D. Joint-Stock Companies2.Which of the following statements is true? I. Joint-Stock companies were use to fund the English colonies in America. II. John Smith was popular among the American colonists. III. The early settlements of Jamestown had a hard time surviving. IV. Jamestown was saved by the discovery of Gold. A. I, II, & III C. I, III & IV B. III & IV D. I & II3.This crop allowed for the settlers of Jamestown to survive and thrive in Virginia. A. Cotton C. Rice B. Tobacco D. Maize D. Joint-Stock Companies A. I, II, & III B. Tobacco

11. 4. After 1618, the Virginia Company’s principle means of attracting new settlers was A. Granting religious freedom B. A system of land grants C. Payments of passage by other colonists D. Liberal suffrage requirements5. In the early years of the Virginia colony, a field laborer was most likely to be A. A slave C. A landlord B. A Powhatan Indian D. An indentured servant6. Which of the following occurred as a result of Virginia being made a Royal colony? A. It became under the direct control of the King. B. Joint-stock companies became willing to invest into the colony. C. Colonists had to pay taxes to the King. D. The King received 1/5 of the gold and silver found there. B. A system of land grants*** D. An indentured servant*** A. It became under the direct control of the King.***

12. 7. Which of the following statements are true? I. English colonists had relations with Native Americans and produced mullatoes. II. English colonists in Jamestown wanted more land to grow tobacco. III. English colonists in Virginia did not have generally good relations with the Native Americans. IV. Chief Powhatan’s daughter Pocahontas married the English settler John Rolfe. A. I & II C. I, III, & IV B. I & III D. II, III, & IV8. In late 1607, the Jamestown colony was short of food, Captain John Smith began trading with the local Native American group called the A. Inuits C. Croatian B. Iroquois D. Powhatan confederacy D. II, III, & IV*** D. Powhatan confederacy***

13. Chapter 2 Overview: European Establish Colonies Southern, Middle, and New England Colonies SSUSH1 The student will describe European settlement in North America during the 17th century. SSUSH1b. Describe the settlement of New England; include religious reasons, relations with Native Americans (e.g., King Phillip’s War), the establishment of town meetings and development of a legislature, religious tensions that led to colonies such as Rhode Island, the half-way covenant, Salem Witch Trials, and the loss of the Massachusetts charter. SSUSH1c. Explain the development of the mid-Atlantic colonies; include the Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam and subsequent English takeover, and the settlement of Pennsylvania. Chapter 2 section 4 & 5

14. Why English Settlers Came to America Freedom of Religion Land Freedom of Assembly New Beginning

15. New England Colonies British colonies including • Massachusetts • New Hampshire • Rhode Island • Connecticut The goals of the Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colony was to establish communities based on Puritan beliefs that would be Both morally and economically Successful and thereby inspire the adoption of Puritan reforms in England.

16. Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson Religious dissenters who left Massachusetts over disagreement with Puritan church leaders and who played key roles in founding Rhode Island. Roger Williams Anne Hutchinson

17. 1. The name given to the 16th century religious movement that was critical of the Roman Catholic Church was A. Counter Reformation C. Catholic Reformation B. Protestant Reformation D. Scientific Revolution2. The name Puritan came from this group’s desire to A. Lead pure lives. B. Build a model and new society. C. Shelter its members from the influence of outsiders. D. Remove from the Roman Catholic Church traditions of the Church of England.3. What impact did the old Puritan faith have on New England? A. It was one of several major religions to develop during colonial New England. B. It led to the establishment of New Amsterdam. C. It defined religion and government in the region. D. It led to King Philip’s War as an attempt to end religious dissent. B. Protestant Reformation*** D. Remove from the Roman Catholic Church traditions of the Church of England.*** • It was one of several major religions to develop during colonial New England.

18. 4. This was a civil type of government that pledge loyalty to the King in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. A. U.S. Constitution C. Plymouth Rock B. Mayflower Compact D. Bill of Rights5. Roger Williams, a strict separatist founded the town of A. Portsmouth, RI C. Providence, RI B. Wethersfield, RI D. Boston, MA6. Anne Hutchinson and a few followers settled on an island Rhode Island later called A. Boston C. Philadelphia B. Providence D. Portsmouth7. This war between the colonists and Native Americans in Connecticut led to virtual elimination of the Native American group called A. Wampanoag C. Pequot B. Powhatan D. Pueblos B. Mayflower Compact*** C. Providence, RI*** D. Portsmouth*** C. Pequot***

19. 8. The following describe what group of settlers in colonial North America · religious dissenters · social conformity · belief in hard work · New England A. Catholics C. Puritans B. Quakers D. Amish9. The Mayflower Compact was unique because it A. was the foundation for the Declaration of Independence. B. allowed black colonists freedom centuries before emancipation. C. was the first example of colonial European self-government in northeastern North America. D. established the precedent of freedom of religion in the southern colonies of North America.10. In 1636, Roger Williams was expelled from the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and founded Rhode Island, because he supported A. women's suffrage. B. the abolition of slavery. C. a separation of church and state. D. westward expansion of the colonies. C. Puritans C***** C. a separation of church and state.

20. Middle Colonies British colonies consisting of • New York • New Jersey • Pennsylvania • Delaware The Middle colonies exhibited far more ethnic and religious diversity. They also enjoyed peaceful relations with Native Americans and depended on trade with England.

21. The Middle colonies were more diverse because their leaders were tolerant.

22. 1. Which of the following regions would have featured the most diversity during the late 1600s and 1700s? A. New England C. Jamestown B. Mid-Atlantic D. Southern2. What did the Dutch name their major settlement located on Manhattan Island? A. New York C. Pennsylvania B. North Carolina D. New Amsterdam3. The Hudson River Valley regions were claimed by the Dutch East India Company and called A. Virginia C. New Netherland B. Dutch property D. New York4. This colony was given to William Penn by King Charles II as a debt owed to Penn’s father. A. Connecticut C. Pennsylvania B. Delaware D. Virginia B. Mid-Atlantic*** D. New Amsterdam*** C. New Netherland*** C. Pennsylvania***

23. 5. The terms below are associated with what colonial North American region? · religious Quakers · Catholics tolerance · flexible social structure A. New England C. West Indies B. Middle Colonies D. Southern Colonies6. The mid-Atlantic colony of Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn PRIMARILY because of his A. desire to have a government in which all citizens could participate. B. wish to found a logical, well-planned, religiously tolerant colony. C. failure to successfully take power in Massachusetts Bay Colony. D. loss in the war with the Dutch for control of New Amsterdam. B. Middle Colonies B. wish to found a logical, well-planned, religiously tolerant colony.

24. 7. The cities of New York, Baltimore, and Philadelphia began to flourish in the late 17th century because of what economic activity? A. trading C. tobacco farming B. slavery D. rice farming8. The differences in the economic development of the mid-Atlantic, New England, and Southern colonies can BEST be attributed to the A. customs of the immigrants. B. geographic conditions there. C. level of the education of their citizens. D. differences in their colonial governments. 9. What religious group did William Penn belong? A. Catholics C. Anglicans B. Quakers D. Puritans A. trading B. geographic conditions there. B. Quakers

25. 10. Which of these BEST explains the reason for African slaves being brought into the British colonies in Southern North America in the 17th century? A. The economy of Southern colonies needed cheap labor. B. Northern colonial governments considered slavery immoral. C. Southern colonies refused to use Indians as forced labor. D. Industrial factories in the north did not need slave labor.11. What was the primary similarity of the Plymouth Colony and the Massachusetts Bay Colony? A. Both had many hardships. B. Both received help from a friendly Indian. C. Both were founded by Christians for religious purposes. D. Both were very large colonies. A. The economy of Southern colonies needed cheap labor. C. Both were founded by Christians for religious purposes.

26. 12. What was the primary reason the English decided to take over New Netherland? A. The Dutch threatened English commerce. B. The English wanted all their colonies to be joined. C. The English wanted to stop the slave trade. D. King Charles II wanted the land for his brother.13. In the race for colonies in North America what was the main interest of the Dutch in the 1600s? A. They wanted to convert the Native Americans to Protestantism. B. They wanted colonies that would rival the English and the French. C. They wanted only to make money from their trade with the Native Americans. D. They wanted to create a colonial system that would challenge Spain in the New World. A. The Dutch threatened English commerce. C. They wanted only to make money from their trade with the Native Americans.

30. Questions for Review1. Which of the following colonies MOST LIKELY relied on a plantation system based economy in the late 1700s? A. South Carolina C. Massachusetts B. Pennsylvania D. Delaware 2. Which colonial region was most known for plantations, large number of slaves, and the production of rice and tobacco? A. New England C. Middle B. Southern D. Atlantic3. Which of these BEST explains the reason for African slaves being brought into the British colonies in Southern North America in the 17th century? A. The economy of Southern colonies needed cheap labor. B. Northern colonial governments considered slavery immoral. C. Southern colonies refused to use Indians as forced labor. D. Industrial factories in the north did not need slave labor. A. South Carolina B. Southern A. The economy of Southern colonies needed cheap labor.

31. 4. In the early 1700s, the size of plantations began to increase as wealthier planters in Virginia and Maryland A. switched from indentured servants to slave labor. B. switched from growing tobacco to growing rice. C. brought more land from the government. D. took more land from the Native Americans.5. The Triangular trade could be best described as a network connecting A. England, Europe, & Asia C. Northern colonies & Southern colonies B. England & West Indies D. New England colonies, West Indies, & Africa A. switched from indentured servants to slave labor D. New England colonies, West Indies, & Africa

32. 6. All of the following were reasons why southern planters chose to use enslaved Africans except: A. Africans were believed to be well suited to working in harsh conditions. B. Slaves produced labor for their entire lifetime. C. Enslaved Africans were very expensive to purchase. D. Most white colonists thought Black people were inferior. 7. Which of the following is TRUE regarding African slaves in the thirteen colonies? A. African slaves came from common cultures in Africa and shared the exact same beliefs. B. African slaves originally spoke different languages had different religious beliefs, and were familiar with different traditions. C. African slaves lacked any cultural background and immediately tended to fully accept the Christian beliefs and English language of their masters. **** ****

33. 8. Which of the following statements most accurately describes African Americans in the English colonies? A. All Africans who lived in the colonies were slaves. B. Black slaves actually outnumber whites in certain colonies for a time. C. Although African Americans suffered racism and persecution everywhere, only in the Southern colonies were they actually made slaves. D. Due to discrimination, only whites could purchase a slave’s freedom or own slaves as property. *****

35. 1. According to this theory a nation’s power is measured by its gold reserves. A country that strives to export more than they import in order to create a surplus of gold reserves A. capitalism C. supply side economics B. socialism D. mercantilism2. Which of the following statements BEST describes the relationship between mercantilism and colonization? A. countries established colonies to minimize the need to export gold reserves to competing powers. B. mercantilists, as supporters of free trade sought to expand their markets wherever they could. C. mercantilists favored building colonies primarily to expand the Catholic religion. D. mercantilists favored building colonies as a place to put manufacturing plants, which were increasingly polluting. D. mercantilism*** *****

36. SSUSH2The student will trace the ways that the economy and society of British North America developed. c. Identify Benjamin Franklin as a symbol of social mobility and individualism.  d. Explain the significance of the Great Awakening. Chapter 3: The American Colonies Take Shape 3.2 The American Colonies and England 3.3 Comparing Regional Cultures

37. THE ENLIGHTENMENTA movement of intellectual growth to encourage the use of experimentations as tools to make discoveries about the natural world.Use the values in reason and science, rational explanation of the world, and the importance of the individual.Ex: Benjamin Franklin a colonial politician, embraces the notion of obtaining truth through experimentation and reasoning—experiment on electricity.

38. First Great Awakening A religious movementthat featuredpassionate preaching from evangelists who believed that colonists needed to be called back to sincere Christian commitment. It helped establish separation of church and state as a valued colonial principle.

39. Great Awakening”– A Religious RevivalChristian worship began to change in the 1730s -1740s. A religious revival swept through the colonies. Ministers began to preach that all people were guilty of sin and needed to repent.Only way to achieve salvation and the peace, & love of God was through public repentance of their sin. Jonathan Edwards“Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”preaches people are sinful and must seekGod’s mercy.

40. QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW1. The ability of someone to advance from one status in society to another is known as A. mercantilism C. indentured servants B. social mobility D. common sense2. Enlightenment thinkers stressed all of the following except: A. use of reason C. importance of the individual B. scientific method D. unpredictability of nature3. The Enlightenment period was a movement that emphasized the value of A. Religion C. Miracles B. Motives D. Reason4. __________________ set forth the idea that the Earth and all of the other planets revolve around the sun. A. Benjamin Franklin C. Nicolas Copernicus B. Galileo Galilei D. Isaac Newton B. social mobility*** D. unpredictability of nature*** D. Reason*** C. ***

41. 5. ______________________ was a very important Enlightenment thinker during this period. A. John Smith C. Benjamin Franklin B. John Winthrop D. Frederick Douglas6. This movement focused on reason and conscience also based knowledge on fact and mathematical concepts. A. Great Awakening C. Revolutionary thought B. Enlightenment D. Psychological reasoning7. Why was the Enlightenment period considered a revolutionary thought? A. it focused on violence rather than peace. B. it gave people the idea we have individual rights in which the government must respect. C. Benjamin Franklin encouraged rebellion in the colonies against England. D. Science, math, and reason are all cruel subjects and hard to pass. C. Benjamin Franklin B. Enlightenment*** B. it gave people the idea we have individual rights in which the government must respect.***

42. 8. This movement came about due to a need for salvation and a return to Puritan values. A. Great Awakening C. Church revivals B. Enlightenment D. Miracle sessions9. Jonathan Edwards was an important figure in the A. Salem Witchcraft trials C. Enlightenment B. Stono Rebellion D. Great Awakening10. The evangelist George Whitefield preached his sermons during which period.A. the American Revolution C. the French and Indian WarB. the First Great Awakening D. the Salem Witch Trials11. During the Great Awakening period there was an increase in A. People dying because of disease. B. People asking for god’s forgiveness. C. People returning home from war. D. People focusing on education. A. Great Awakening*** D. Great Awakening*** B. the First Great Awakening*** B. People asking for god’s forgiveness.

43. Section 3—Comparing Regional Cultures

44. Questions for Review1. In the mid 1700’s, what did the American colonies all have in common? A. short growing season C. long growing season B. temperate climate D. agricultural economy2. Because of New England’s climate and landforms, farmers A. Raised livestock to be shipped to England. B. Raised livestock and grew wheat, maize, and potatoes for their own use. C. Produced wheat and shipped it to Europe. D. Produced cash crops3. Which colonies raised the staple crop, tobacco? A. Virginia and Maryland C. South Carolina and Georgia B. North Carolina and South Carolina D. Philadelphia and New York4. Women in the American colonies A. Were treated as first rate workers B. Were treated as second class citizens C. Had authority over the plantation D. Had the ability to change laws D. Agricultural economy **** A. Virginia and Maryland B. Were treated as second class citizens

45. 5. Which region had the most educational opportunities in the 1600s? A. the South C. New England B. the Middle colonies D. Mid-Atlantic6. In colonial South Carolina and Georgia, most slaves worked A. in cities. C. in factories. B. on fishing ships. D. on farms. 7. In colonial America, married women were A. allowed to serve in legislatures. B. legally dependent on their husbands. C. allowed to vote if they owned land. D. given the same legal rights as their husbands.8. Women’s main contribution to the colonial household was to A. keep the household operating. B. plan leisure time activities. C. supplement the family income. D. teach family members manners. C. New England D. on farms. B. legally dependent on their husbands. A. keep the household operating.

46. Chapter 3: The American Colonies Take Shape 3.4 Wars of Empire SSUSH3 The student will explain the primary causes of the American Revolution. a. Explain how the end of Anglo-French imperial competition as seen in the French and Indian War and the 1763 Treaty of Paris laid the groundwork for the American Revolution.

47. French & Indian War War between the British and French (and their Native American allies) that was fought for control of eastern North America. The British eventually won.

48. Treaty of Paris (1763) Treaty ending the French and Indian War that resulted in Great Britain winning control of France's claims in Canada and east of the Mississippi River and Florida.

49. Proclamation of 1763 • Proclamation made by King George III limited colonial settlement because forbade colonists from moving into territory west of the Appalachian Mountains. • Colonists resented the king's restrictions and many ignored the proclamation. • It was doomed to fail because keeping settlers east of the Appalachians was unpopular with people who wanted to move west, and there were too few British troops to enforce it.

50. QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW1. What was the main pressure leading up to the French and Indian War? A. Concern for the Indians C. A War in Europe B. Desire for land D. Different political philosophies 2.Which of the following best describes the results of the French and Indian War? A. France gave up most possessions in North America to either Britain or Spain. B. Britain gave Florida to Spain. C. All treaties with Native Americans were revoked. D. France gave up its territory east of the Mississippi but kept the port of New Orleans. B. Desire for land A. France gave up most possessions in North America to either Britain or Spain.