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Ch. 14

Ch. 14. Therapies. 1. Insight Therapies. A. Psychoanalysis Free association Talk about whatever comes to mind Transference Client’s feelings about authority figures transferred to therapist Insight Awareness of what was unconscious. B. Client-Centered Therapy Carl Rogers

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Ch. 14

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  1. Ch. 14 • Therapies

  2. 1. Insight Therapies • A. Psychoanalysis • Free association • Talk about whatever comes to mind • Transference • Client’s feelings about authority figures transferred to therapist • Insight • Awareness of what was unconscious

  3. B. Client-Centered Therapy • Carl Rogers • Heal through unconditional positive regard • Nondirectional • C. Gestalt Therapy • Focuses on wholeness • Here-and-now • Help people become aware of what they have been ignoring • D. Recent Developments • Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy

  4. Contemporary insight therapists are more active than traditional psychoanalysts, giving clients direct guidance and feedback. They are also more focused on clients' immediate problems than on their childhood traumas. An especially significant development is the trend to short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy, which recognizes that most people can be successfully treated within a time-limited framework.

  5. 2. Behavior Therapies • A. Using Classical Conditioning Techniques • Systematic desensitization • Gradually associating relaxation with what was feared • Extinction • Ending of old fears or reactions

  6. Flooding • Full-intensity exposure to feared object • Aversive conditioning • Eliminate undesirable behavior by associating it with pain • Phobia Treatment Movie

  7. B. Operant conditioning • Behavior contracting • Token economy • C. Modeling • A person learns new behaviors by watching others

  8. 3. Cognitive Therapies • A. Stress-Inoculation Therapy • Self-talk of positive coping • B. Rational-Emotive Therapy (RET) • Changing irrational beliefs • C. Beck’s Cognitive Therapy • Good treatment for depression • Change from self-critical patterns

  9. 4. Group Therapies • A. Self-Help Group • B. Family Therapy • Treatment within the system • C. Couple Therapy • Deal with the relationship • Mood Treatment Movie

  10. 5. Effectiveness of Psychotherapy • A. Does Psychotherapy Work? • Psychotherapy helps about 2/3rd of people treated • B. Which Type of Therapy is Best for Which Disorder? • Theory works best for minor problems • Type of therapy less important • Match problem with therapy

  11. 6. Biological Treatments • A. Drug Therapies • Antipsychotic drugs • Used for schizophrenia or psychosis • Block dopamine receptors in the brain • Phenothiazines (Thorazine) • Schizophrenia Movie #1 • Schizophrenia Movie #2

  12. Antidepressant drugs • Tricyclics - dry mouth, dizzy • MAO inhibitors- must be on special diet • Prozac best-selling of all meds- works on serotonin • Lithium • Bipolar or manic depression • Other medications • Psychostimulants • Antianxiety medications (Valium) • GABA Movie • SSRI Movie • Click here to view the Major Types of Psychoactive Medications table

  13. B. Electroconvulsive Therapy • Shock therapy • Used for severe depression • Brief convulsion, temporary loss of consciousness • Unilateral produces less memory problems • C. Psychosurgery • Brain surgery to change behavior or emotions • Rarely done today

  14. 7. Institutionalization and Its Alternatives • A. Deinstitutionalization • Released into community • 10-47% of homeless are mentally ill • B. Alternative forms of treatment (many) • Half-way houses • Family-crisis interventions • Day-care

  15. C. Prevention • Primary • Improve environment to prevent development • Family planning • Genetic counseling • Secondary prevention • Interventions with high risk groups (e.g. suicide hot-line) • Tertiary - help people adjust after released from hospital (prevent relapse)

  16. Gender Differences in Treatment • More women admit problems and go to therapy • “Male treatment” • Women take more medication

  17. 9. Cultural Difference in Treatment • Eye contact and body language varies • Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in refugees • Test results vary

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