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The Cold War: “Super” Collision. U . S . versus U . S . S . R . 1960s, 1970s & 1980s. The Cold War: 1960s. Leadership of the 1960s John F. Kennedy (1960 –1963)
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The Cold War: “Super” Collision U.S.versus U.S.S.R. 1960s, 1970s & 1980s
The Cold War: 1960s • Leadership of the 1960s • John F. Kennedy (1960 –1963) • Nikita Khrushchev (1953 –1964)
The Cold War: 1960s • Flexible Response • Called for mutual deterrence at strategic, tactical & more conventional levels • In other words, the U.S. can respond to aggression across a broad spectrum of warfare; not only to nuclear arms • Began with the construction of ICBMs (Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles)
The Cold War: 1960s • Cuban Missile Crisis (October, 1962) • Major confrontation between the US & USSR • Nuclear missiles site discovered in Cuba • Kennedy placed blockade on the island • Khrushchev agreed to remove missiles • A “Hot Line” was established between the White House and the Kremlin • US agreed to remove nuclear weapons from Turkey
The Cold War: 1960s • Berlin Wall • The Berlin Wall began construction in 1961 • Separated East and West Berlin • What does this mean?
The Cold War: 1970s • Leadership of the 1970s • Richard Nixon (1969-1974) • Leonid Brezhnev (1964-1982) • Policy of Détente • A policy of “relaxation” in the relations between the US and Soviet Union • This DOES NOT mean that the US stopped fighting communism…just relaxed…
The Cold War: 1970s • Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I) • The US & the USSR signed a 5 year agreement to limit the number of “intercontinental ballistic and submarine launched missiles”
The Cold War: 1980s • Leadership of the 1980s • Ronald Reagan (1981 –1989) • Mikhail Gorbachev (1985 –1991)
The Cold War: 1980s • Gorbachev’s Policies • Glasnost (openness) • Free flow of ideas • Churches opened, dissidents released from prison, reporters could resume criticisms • Perestroika (economic restructuring) • Revive economy • Small businesses allowed to open • Managers given more control over farms and factories
The Cold War: 1980s • Fall of the Berlin Wall • By the late 1980s, the east Germans were furious that their government had completely closed its borders; no one could leave • Horrible conditions – PROTESTS! • On November 9, 1989 the Berlin Wall was finally opened • Completely destroyed by 1990
The Cold War: 1990s • By December 1991, all satellite nations had declared independence from the Soviet Union • Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) • Loose federation of the former USSR • Marks the death of the Soviet Union