The European Renaissance…

1. The European Renaissance… 1350- mid 16th century

2. Warm Up! • List three effects of the Black Death? • Asdahsjdh • Ashkashkajs • asjhaksjhakjsh • What do you think the word ‘Renaissance’ means? • Write down all you know or have ever heard about the Renaissance?

3. Causes of the Renaissance • During the Late middle ages, Europe suffered from both war and plague. • Those who survived need something to live for, to make them happy again. • They wanted to celebrate the life and the human spirit

4. The Renaissance • means “rebirth” • European Renaissance (1300-1600s): • rebirth of ideas and culture reminiscent of Greece & Rome • Started in Italy • The Renaissance followed the Middle Ages • Primary development in urban centers (cities)

5. Florence, Italy • main Italian city-state (a city and its surrounding lands functioning as an independent political unit) where Renaissance began • Became wealthiest city-state • Renaissance ideas spread from Italy to other European locations • Venice used its coastal location for international trade • Crusades opened up trade in the Mediterranean Sea

6. Renaissance… -society was mainly run by wealthy merchant families -ex: The Medici- powerful banking family in Florence -these families traded w/ many other countries and spread Renaissance “ideas” and funded the “arts” -traded w/ Byzantine & Islamic Empires, England & the Netherlands

7. Renaissance… • time of recovery from Black Plague & political instability • Italian thinkers emphasized humanism • Humanism: focus on importance of the individual & positive human qualities • The Renaissance put more emphasis on the work and basic worth of individual achievement—HUMANISM!

8. Petrarch“The father of Humanism” • Believed God gave people intelligence & talents that should be used to the fullest in all aspects of life • Credited with perfecting the sonnet (14 line poem) • Known for being one of the first people to refer to the Dark Ages

9. Humanists • Focus on human potential and achievements • Instead of trying to make classical texts agree with Christian teachings, as medieval scholars had, humanists studied them to understand ancient Greek values. • Popularized the study of subjects common to classical education, such as history, literature, and philosophy. These subjects are called the humanities.

10. Looking to Greece and Rome • The artists and scholars of Italy drew inspiration from the ruins of Rome that surrounded them. • Western scholars studied ancient Latin manuscripts that had been preserved in monasteries. • Christian scholars in Constantinople fled to Rome with Greek manuscripts when the Turks conquered Constantinople in 1453.

11. “Renaissance Man” • During this period Renaissance writers introduced the idea that all educated people were expected to create art. In fact, the individual should strive to excel in almost every area of study. • Someone who excels in multiple fields/ has many talents is considered a ‘Renaissance Man’ • He should be charming, witty, and well educated in the classics. He should dance, sing, play music, and write poetry. In addition he should be a skilled rider, wrestler, and swordsman! • Modern Day examples • Will Smith • Justin Timberlake • Who else can you think of?

12. Time out! Review • The art, music, and philosophy of the MEDIEVAL PERIOD in Europe generally focused on…? • Human scientific achievements • Religious themes • Materialism • Greek and Roman Mythology • One factor that helped the Renaissance flourish in northern Italy was that the region had…? • A wealthy class that invested in the arts • A socialist government • Limited contact with the Byzantines • A shrinking middle class • Renaissance means? Of what?

13. Time out! Review • In Europe, a major characteristic of humanism developed by writers such as Petrarch was…? • Belief in the supremacy of the state • Rejection of ancient civilizations and their culture • Emphasis on social control and obedience to rulers • Appreciation for worth of individual achievement

14. Machiavelli • “Renaissance Man” from Florence • Political Importance: • He wrote The Prince • Most writers emphasized the importance of monarchs ruling according to Christian ethics and principles • He believed monarchs should rule according to what was best for everyone, not according to Christian principles • A king or prince might have to trick his enemies and even his own people for the good of the state • Machiavelli was not concerned with what was morally right, but with what was politically effective. Is it better to be FEARED or LOVED?

15. Dante • Wrote humanist literature in common everyday language of the time • Widely considered to be “father of the Italian language” b/c of the local language he used…what is this called????? • Wrote the Divine Comedy • On the surface the poem describes Dante's travels through Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven; but at a deeper level it represents the soul's journey towards God. His search for Salvation • Dante’s inferno

16. Heroes in a Half Shell • When you think Renaissance artists think of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, because they were named after them. • Michelangelo • Donatello • Leonardo • Raphael • They were sculptors, poets, architects and painters

17. Donatello Raphael • Made sculptor more realistic by carving natural postures and expressions that reveal personality. • Considered the greatest sculptor before Michelangelo • Younger than Michelangelo and Leonardo • Famous for his use of perspective-shows • 3 dimensions on a flat surface

19. Leonardo da Vinci • Original “Renaissance Man” • Expert in painting, sculpting, engineering, physics, anatomy, etc. • Interested in how things worked • He studied the human body and how it works and then incorporated his findings into his art. • Thought of many inventions that couldn’t actually be built until the 20th century

20. Leonardo da Vinci…Most famous works of art: • Mona Lisa • The Last Supper The Vitruvian Man

21. Michelangelo The Sistine Chapel David • Renaissance artist • Best known for idealized paintings & sculptures of the human form • Created human images to reflect the “divine beauty of God”

22. Sistine Chapel • Official residence of the Pope in Vatican City • Michelangelo painted 12,000 sq. feet of the chapel ceiling from 1508-1512 • Originally the ceiling was painted blue with gold stars • Michelangelo was originally intimidated by the whole thing and preferred to decline- he considered himself more of a sculptor than a painter

23. Review Time • Who wrote the “Divine Comedy”? • Who wrote “The Prince”? • Who wrote sonnets? • Would Machiavelli agree or disagree with this statement? “Leaders should do what is necessary to achieve their goals.”