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Benchmark policies and implementation measures for equal rights, responsibilities, and opportunities in the EU. Quick reference guide for monitoring policy objectives, progress, and results in 7 policy areas.
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MIPEX: Labour market mobility andmigrant education policies in the EU
Do all residents have equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities to become equal members of society & citizens? Benchmark policies and implementation measures, according to European & international standards Public “Quick Reference Guide” Strictly scrutinise policy objectives, progress, and results
7 Policy Areas for immigrants to participate in society: 1) Labour market mobility* 2) Family reunion* 3) Education 4) Political participation* 5) Long-term residence* 6) Access to nationality 7) Anti-discrimination Covers 27 EU Member States, Norway, Switzerland, Canada, United States of America (now also Australia & Japan) 7 comparative research partners worked on policy indicators 100+ national independent legal experts answer and peer review, all based on policies passed by 31 May 2010
Average @ ≈50%: Political will counts, more than tradition +1: Slow progress Few fact-based changes Monitor statistics (esp. emp. & edu.), but evaluate policy impact?
1) ACCESS • Immediate access to employment • Private sector • Public sector • Immediate access to Self-employment • Self-employment sectors • 2) ACCESS TO GENERAL SUPPORT • Public employment services • Access to education, vocational training, study grants • Recognition of non-EU qualifications • 3) TARGETED SUPPORT • Facilitation of recognition procedures • Labour market integration measures • Measures for migrant women & youth • Support to access public employment services • 4) WORKERS’ RIGHTS • Unions & negotiation bodies • Social Security • Working conditions • Information on migrant workers’ rights
CA & US lead with Nordics and labour migration countries Equal treatment, better targeted measures
↑ in 10 ↓ in IE, MT, NO New migration countries catch up on access & general support, with EU norms Large migration countries get better on weak targeted support (ES, PT, AT, DK, CA)
2) ACCESS TO GENERAL SUPPORT • ↑ Public employment services (equal access as nationals, except for unemployed) • ↑ Access to education & training (equal for all workers, except fees, conditions, grants) • ↑ Recognition of non-EU qualifications (equal access as nationals) • 4) WORKERS’ RIGHTS • ↑ Unions & negotiation bodies (equal access) • ↑ Social Security (equal access, except for some cases of unemployed) • ↑ Working conditions (equal access) • ↑ Information on migrant workers’ rights (regularly updated information)
Nearly all MS ↑, cut in half gap between EU15 & EU12 Major reforms(↑ ≈20 pts) make general support & rights favourable for societal integration (scoring ≈ 80/100) ≈8 pts ↑ on labour market mobility, now overall ‘slightly’ favourable
1) ACCESS • Pre-primary education • Compulsory education as legal right • Assessment of prior learning • Support to access secondary education • Vocational training • Higher education • Advice and guidance • 2) TARGETING NEEDS • Induction programmes • Support in language(s) of instruction • Pupil monitoring • Targeted technical and financial assistance • Teacher training on migrants’ needs • 3) NEW OPPORTUNITIES • Option to learn immigrant languages • Option to learn about immigrant cultures • Promoting social integration & monitoring segregation • Support to parents and communities • 4) INTERCULTURAL EDUCATION • Inclusion in curriculum • State supports information initiatives • Modifying curricula to reflect diversity • Adapting daily life • Bringing migrants into teaching staff • Teacher training on intercultural education
Countries rarely see and address needs & opportunities of new diverse generation Nordic ‘Mainstreaming’ USA Targeting Needs CA, AU multiculturalism benefits all students PT incremental but central approach
Equal access in compulsory (most) • Equal access in all (1/2) • Few targeted measures re: access • Few legal entitlements & standards re: needs • Immigrant languages, but not for all • Few systems to diversify schools/teachers • Uneven support for intercultural education