Motions and Movements

1. Motions and Movements

2. Flexion and Extension • Flexion- moving a part so that the angle at the joint is decreasing (ex- bending the elbow up) • Extension- moving so that there is an increase in the angle of a joint (ex- straightening the arm from a bent elbow)

3. Abduction and Adduction • Abduction- moving a bone away from the midline of the body (ex- moving the arms out from the body from supine position) • Adduction- moving a bone toward the midline of the body (ex- moving the arms back down)

4. Rotation (different types) • Movement of a bone along the axis; this can be • Lateral • Medial • Axial

5. Circumduction • A combination movement that involves flexion/extension and adduction/abduction when a bone moves in a circle around an axis (ex- moving the whole arm in a circle; moving the whole leg in a circle)

6. Elevation and Depression • Scapula (only) • Elevation- movement of the shoulder up • Depression- movement of the shoulder down

7. Protraction and Retraction • Movements of the shoulder and jaw only • Protraction-pushing out away from the torso • Retraction- pulling back towards the torso (All are parallel to the ground)

8. Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion • Deal with foot only • Dorsiflexion-bending the foot in the direction of the top of the foot (up; like walking on the heels) • Plantarflexion- bending the foot down toward the plantar surface (pointing the toes)

9. Eversion and Inversion • Eversion- movement of the soles of the feet outward so that they are facing away from each other • Inversion- movement of the soles of the feet so that they are facing toward each other

10. Opposition • Movement of the thumb toward the pinkie (little finger)

11. Pronation and Supination • Pronation- movement of the forearm/ hand so that the palm is facing down (posterior or inferior); going into prone position • Supination- movement of the forearm or hand such that the palm is facing up (anterior or superior); going into supine position