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N5 Revision guide to Underdevelopment in Africa

N5 Revision guide to Underdevelopment in Africa. The third Section in your exam asks you to choose between PART E: WORLD POWERS and PART F: WORLD ISSUES Remember! You have studied a WORLD ISSUE Not a World Power!. So you must start each question by writing:

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N5 Revision guide to Underdevelopment in Africa

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  1. N5 Revision guide to Underdevelopment in Africa

  2. The third Section in your exam asks you to choose between PART E: WORLD POWERS and PART F: WORLD ISSUES Remember! You have studied a WORLD ISSUE Not a World Power!

  3. So you must start each question by writing: “I have studied underdevelopment in Africa.” You may wish to then lead into the answer to this particular question by writing something like, “one way the charities have tried to resolve underdevelopment in Africa is by….” Notice that at the bottom of every question in this section it asks you to “state the world issue or conflict you have studied”

  4. Before you go any further, make sure you know what UNDERDEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA means. (You can skip this slide and the next if you do) • Basically, in a developed country is one where people have better standards of living and life chances. • An underdeveloped country is one where most people have a lower standard of living and are much poorer. • Some video revision: Developed vs Developing (2 minutes): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=val9YCQHX3A

  5. Those lucky enough to live in the DEVELOPED WORLD tend to have: Lower levels of poverty Have a high standard of living Good health services High life expectancy High literacy and numeracy rates Low infant mortality rates Have economies based on industry, trade, services and new technology Have highly developed infrastructure Have Rights which are respected Democratic political systems E.G. Scotland, France, USA, Australia By contrast, many of the DEVELOPING countries suffer from: Higher levels of poverty Low living standards Poor healthcare Lower life expectancy Less access to education High infant mortality Have economies based on agriculture Have a poor infrastructure Can be undemocratic or suffer from corruption E.G. Malawi, Nigeria, Ethiopia

  6. This is a table showing the course content which the SQA wants you to know about the topic of UNDERDEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA The next several slides go through each of these sections, showing what you could talk about for each bullet point.. Make sure you are able to answer DESCRIBE or EXPLAIN questions on these. Remember! (Calm down!): You don’t need to know EVERYTHING you could say about each topic, you just need ENOUGH to be able to give a 4 to 8 mark answer about each bullet point.

  7. Bad governance/ decisions (p10-12) Weak governments (p10-11) Corruption (p13-24) Wars (p15-16) See also: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IpbyDIpIStc See also: https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/guides/z2rxsbk/revision/2 Political causes causes of underdevelopment in Africa Debt (p20-1) Unfair trade (p19-20) Poor infrastructure, e.g. roads and irrigation (p17-18) See also: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UADiQhjjzWs Why isn’t Congo rich… https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=37iLD41vfdI Cobalt https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GjO8zEkyiLE infrastructure Economic Causes Lack of sanitation and clean water Lack of social infrastructure – lack of education Lack of social infrastructure – lack of healthcare Sexism (not educating/paying women the same) Religious attitudes against contraception = aids, big families Social stigma and lack of education about HIV/AIDS Social Causes (p20, 22) See also: The girl effect: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1e8xgF0JtVg The HIV epidemic and what will stop it https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qIrpN1a5sTQ Social Problems for Women and Children in Sub Saharan Africa: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b3uc4POFeW8

  8. Diseases eg. Cholera, HIV/AIDS (p27-8) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jG1VNSCsP5Q Story of cholera https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_vfxvld3rA HIV in Nigeria Hunger, famine and malnutrition (p25-6) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sGNROmZJaW0 hunger in sub-Saharan Africa Consequences of underdevelopment on Africans Slums (p26-7) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sDeDpk-5H5w Inside Africa's Biggest Slum (Kibera) - Nairobi, Kenya Poverty (p6-7) Poverty still challenges sub-sahara https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i6YhDaQlovA Lack of education (p29-30) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uPU8w1LxhoI UNESCO: Sub Sahara Africa leads school drop outs globally Economic debt, difficulties and unemployment (p31) Kenya's unemployment levels is one of the highest in the world https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pGKaAJqT_V4

  9. Terrorism (p34) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2gvha4CipY VIDEO: “How Islamist militant groups are gaining strength in Africa” Ebola epidemic (p33) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JNiH18JNmqA Ebola: the Deadliest outbreak Regional and international Consequences of Underdevelopment Refugees (p35-6) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xTlZ8TlYXFU Desperate Journeys: Spain now main route to Europe for refugees and migrants https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=icj93S4y_PI Europe vs Africa: The refugee double standard – UpFront Somali Pirates (p36) World: Patrolling for Somali Pirates | The New York Times: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0uUzUONlD5s Imposing sanctions on African countries (p36) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T8j6Iecu5uc What are economic sanctions Peacekeeping troops (p37-8) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KQ6VsAAMomM On patrol with China’s first UN peacekeepers - BBC News

  10. The next slide is about attempts to solve the problems of underdevelopment in Africa. What you should know about these organisations: What is their role? What is their motivation for helping? What do they do to solve problems? How much have they succeeded? How much have they failed?

  11. NGOs/ charities such as: -OXFAM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Al9AzR19Hao -WATERAID -SAVE THE CHILDREN See also: https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/guides/z2rxsbk/revision/4 Bilateral Aid from the UK through DFID (The Department for International Development) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zG7JL7dbLkw what is UK aid? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZA_VvygjjG0 UK aid boosting business in Africa Regional Aid from Regional Organisations: The African Union Which also makes military attempts to help https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yTqusIyXrWA What is the African Union? (10 minutes) https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/02/african-union-fulfilling-mandate-190210082945436.html is the African union fulfilling its mandate? More than 22 thousand UN and AU troops were deployed in Somalia https://thebestofafrica.org/the-african-union-mission-in-somalia-has-it-been-a-success-or-a-failure/ Attempts to resolve the issue of underdevelopment in Africa Multilateral Aid from International Organisations THE UNITED NATIONS: UNICEF (p46) https://https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rk8cUPZA3qs World Health Organisation (p45-6) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YsEp9veyqhs WHO/ebola World Food programme (p46) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kh3Huab0a4k Food & Agriculture Organisation (p45)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wYxMwaTB_AQ

  12. Are the problems of underdevelopment being solved?

  13. Africa’s refugee problems have got worse and worse.

  14. Africa is more peaceful than it was. • More Africans have access to clean water. • More Africans are literate and numerate. • Fewer Africans live under dictatorships. • There is less infant mortality. • Fewer contract or die of HIV/AIDS.

  15. The following slides are about the SDGs. • This information can be helpful for understanding the progress made by African countries towards development— and what problems persist.

  16. Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)

  17. 1. What are SDGs? • https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/?menu=1300

  18. 2. Name 5 goals which would help solve under development.

  19. Answer to question 2

  20. 4. How will SDG number 1 and 2 help Africa? • http://www.fao.org/sustainable-development-goals/goals/goal-1/en/

  21. Question 5. • https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/03/1034741 • How has topical cyclone affected Mozambique and Malawi?

  22. 6. What did the MDG report 2015 say about Africa? Give 3 points • https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/africa • Remember MDG is Millennium Development Goals

  23. 7. What has Chad committed to during 2019 • https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/partnership/?p=1064

  24. 8. What does the description say about the SDG and sub Saharan Africa? • https://www.odi.org/publications/10383-projecting-progress-sdgs-sub-saharan-africa

  25. 9. Click on the report go to page 10 – what does it say about basic education and health? • https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/resource-documents/10486.pdf

  26. 10. What does the article say about progress in Uganda? • https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1488302/uganda-leads-sdgs-attainment-sub-saharan-africa

  27. http://www.fao.org/sustainable-development-goals/goals/goal-4/en/http://www.fao.org/sustainable-development-goals/goals/goal-4/en/ • Click the second box at the bottom Breaking the rural poverty

  28. The move from MDG to SDG • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5_hLuEui6ww

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