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The Cell Cycle

The Cell Cycle. The cell cycle: Process in which a eukaryotic cell divides Creates two identical cells Each cell has same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. The cell cycle is an endless cycle of mitosis, cytokinesis, growth, and chromosomal replication. DNA Replication.

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The Cell Cycle

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  1. The Cell Cycle • The cell cycle: • Process in which a eukaryotic cell divides • Creates two identical cells • Each cell has same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. • The cell cycle is an endless cycle of mitosis, cytokinesis, growth, and chromosomal replication.

  2. DNA Replication

  3. Chromosome— • Made up of many genes. • These genes are made up of DNA which code for one or more polypeptides. • The DNA is wrapped around proteins. • .

  4. Chromatids— DNA synthesis produces two strands of identical DNA helices Two strands connected by centromere or kinetochore. Two connected strands are called sister chromatids

  5. DNA = Deoxyribonucleic Acid - Deoxyribose sugar Nitrogen Bases: Adenine - A Thymine - T Cytosine - C Guanine - G

  6. S---p---S---p---S---p---S---p---S---p A C T G C T G A C G p---S---p---S---p---S---p---S---p---S

  7. S---p---S---p---S---p---S---p---S---p A C T G C T G p---S---p---S A p---S C p---S G p---S

  8. S---p---S---p---S---p---S---p---S---p A C T G C T A G G C p---S---p---S---p---S---p---S---p---S

  9. chromatid centromere DNA = Chromatin => Chromosome

  10. There are four stages in the cell cycle: 1) G1 (Gap 1) 2) S (Synthesis) 3) G2 (Gap 2) 4) M (Mitosis)

  11. Cell Cycle Interphase – Cell is doing its job G1 Growth 1 (Gap) - Cell grows up S Synthesis – Time during which genetic material is duplicated G2 Growth 2 (Gap) – Cell prepares for division

  12. Interphase • Period when the cell is NOT dividing. Cell grows and prepares for mitosis during this time • Made up of three phases: • G1 (First gap period): 1) Chromosomes decondense. 2) Cell synthesizes the enzymes and proteins needed for cell growth. 3) Cell carries on with life functions (growth and performance of biochemical activities.)

  13. Interphase • S (Synthesis): • DNA synthesis (chromosomes are replicated) • Chromosomes are now present as sister chromatids (2 copies of the same chromatid.) • G2 (Second gap period): • Cell grows and prepares for mitosis. • Mitotic spindle proteins are synthesized (used in movement of chromosomes.)

  14. Mitosis: Division of the nucleus. Continues throughout an life as body grows and repairs or replaces worn-out cells. Mitosis consists of 4 stages: 1) Prophase 2) Metaphase 3) Anaphase 4) Telophase Mitosis

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