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Phylum Chordata

Phylum Chordata. FISHES. I. Characteristics of Fishes. Ichthyology Large number of species Incredible economic importance Vertebrates. II. Major classes. Class Myxini Class Chondrichthyes Class Osteichthyes (Actinopterrygii). A. Class Myxini.

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Phylum Chordata

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  1. Phylum Chordata FISHES

  2. I. Characteristics of Fishes • Ichthyology • Large number of species • Incredible economic importance • Vertebrates

  3. II. Major classes • Class Myxini • Class Chondrichthyes • Class Osteichthyes (Actinopterrygii)

  4. A. Class Myxini • Long, slender bodies--no paired fins or scales • Jawless fishes (Lamprey & Hagfish) Slime video

  5. a. Lampreys • Parasitic fish • Oral sucker lined with teeth • Breed in freshwater

  6. B. Class Chondrichthyes • Cartilaginous fish • Movable jaws • Paired lateral fins • Placoid scales • Sharks, rays, skates

  7. a. Sharks i. Mobility • Sideways sweeps of caudal fin • Heterocercal tail -tail lift • Pectoral fins -head lift & steering

  8. ii. Reproduction • Males have modified pelvic fins • Claspers • Oviparous--eggs develop externally • Ovoviviparous--eggs develop within female • Viviparous--embryo absorbs nutrients from mother

  9. iii. Buoyancy • Large liver produces squalene oil

  10. iv. Sensory systems • Nictitating membrane - inner eyelid, can be drawn across the eye • Ampullae of Lorenzini • small pits on nose, can detect electrical fields • Lateral Line System • System of canals with tiny hairs to detect vibrations • Excellent sense of smell

  11. v. Respiration • Irrigation of gills • open mouth and usually swim • spiracles used when still

  12. vi. Threats to sharks • hunted for their meat, fins, oil, teeth, hides and cartilaginous skeleton • bycatch • finning, slicing off a shark's fins and tossing its carcass back into the water; used to make the Asian delicacy shark fin soup • degradation of nearshore habitat

  13. b. Skates & Rays • Flattened bodies • Large pectoral fins • Mouth/gills/nares on the ventral side • Eyes and spiracles on dorsal side • Females lay eggs in skates; live birth in rays • Rays have venom glands on tail "Eat a Ray and Save the Bay"

  14. C. Class Osteichthyes • Bony fishes • Largest group of vertebrates • Primitive fish • Coelacanth & Sturgeon

  15. 1. Movement • Swimming Homocercal tail--equal dorsal & ventral lobes Other fins Rhythmic contractions of myomeres • Swim Bladder Maintains buoyancy within water column

  16. 2. Body shape Related to lifestyle • Streamlined bodies • Laterally compressed • Flattened bodies • Elongate bodies

  17. 3. Feeding Habits • Mouths upturned • Mouths downturned • Mouths along center of body

  18. 4. Coloration Chromatophores • Warning coloration • Cryptic coloration • Disruptive coloration • Countershading

  19. 5. Respiration • Irrigation of gills Open mouth & close operculum • Gas exchange

  20. 6. Salt overload • Osmoregulators • Maintain internal environments • Produce small amounts of urine • Excrete urine with high concentrations of salt • Excrete salts through gills

  21. Lamprey

  22. Hagfish

  23. Manta Ray

  24. Southern Stingray

  25. White Shark

  26. Nurse Shark

  27. Whale Shark

  28. Sturgeon

  29. Flounder

  30. Ocean Sunfish

  31. Angelfish

  32. Seahorse

  33. Pipefish

  34. Moray Eel

  35. Dolphin

  36. Sailfish

  37. Barracuda

  38. Tuna

  39. Lookdown

  40. Anchovy

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