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Understanding Landslides: Disaster Resilience Insights

Learn from global disaster experiences on landslides, their causes, impacts, and mitigation strategies. Explore physics, worst cases, risk policies, and lessons for resilient communities. Gain insights on early warning, medical preparedness, engineering solutions, and international aid.

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Understanding Landslides: Disaster Resilience Insights

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  1. LEARNING FROM GLOBAL DISASTER LABORATORIESPART 9: LANDSLIDES Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA 

  2. LANDSLIDES represent permanent deformation caused by the downward and outward movements of large volumes of soil and/or rock under the influence of gravity.

  3. PHYSICS OF LANDSLIDES • Landslides occur naturally. • Landslides can be triggered and/or exacerbated by: 1) Water (from precipitation during a tropical storm, hurricane, or typhoon), or 2) Vibrations (from ground shaking) during an earthquake.

  4. WORST LANDSLIDE: 1970 IN PERU A M7.7 earthquake that occurred offshore Peru in 1970 triggered a massive landslide of snow, soil, and rock in the Nevados Huascaran Mountains that buried Yungay, Ramrahirca, and several other villages, killing 18,000.

  5. CAUSES OF DAMAGE SITING AND BUILDING ON UNSTABLE SLOPES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO FALLS SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO TOPPLES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO LATERAL SPREADS LANDSLIDES SOIL AND ROCK SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOWS GLOBAL DISASTER LABORATORIES PRECIPITATION THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE SHAKING GROUND SHAKING THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE

  6. LANDSLIDE HAZARDS • INVENTORY • VULNERABILITY • LOCATION • PREPAREDNESS • PROTECTION • FORECASTS/SCENARIOS • EMERGENCY RESPONSE • RECOVERY and • RECONSTRUCTION LANDSLIDE RISK POLICY OPTIONS ACCEPTABLE RISK RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK LANDSLIDE DISASTER RESILIENCE YOUR COMMUNITY DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

  7. TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS ARE SUSCEPTIBLE TO LANDSLIDE HAZARDS (I.E., FALLS, TOPPLES, SLIDES, SPREADS, AND FLOWS)

  8. MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO LANDSLIDE DISASTERS

  9. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL LANDSLIDES PREPAREDNES BEING ABLE TO ANTICIPATE THE EXPECTED AND UNEXPEDTED IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

  10. QUAKE-TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES CREATE “EARTH-QUAKE LAKE”TANGJIASHAN, LARGEST OF 69 "QUAKE LAKES"

  11. RISING WATER IN EARTH-QUAKE LAKE, MAY 31, 2008

  12. ANTICIPATE LANDSLIDE-PRONE AREAS IN A COMMUNITY– BEFORE MAY 12, 2008

  13. EARTHQAKE TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES: BEICHUAN, CHINA, MAY 12, 2008

  14. LANDSLIDE: JINGXIU

  15. LANDSLIDE: MIANZHU

  16. LANDSLIDE: HANWANG

  17. HURRICANE TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES IN HONDURAS • HURRICANE STAN: OCTOBER 2005 • DEVASTATING MUDSLIDES WERE TRIGGERED BY PROLONGED, HEAVY PRECIPITATION.

  18. FLOOD TRIGGERED LANDSLIDE IN CHINA: JULY 2007

  19. TYPHOON MORAKOT-TRIGGERED LANDSLIDE IN TAIWAN, AUG 10, 2009

  20. QUAKE-TRIGGERED LANDSLIDE: PADANG PARIAMAN, INDONESIA; 2009

  21. TYPHOON PARMA TRIGGERED: MUD FLOWS; OCT 12, 2009

  22. RAIN TRIGGERED LANDSLIDE: BAGUIO CITY—OCT 9, 2010

  23. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL LANDSLIDES TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE (E.G.,SEARCH AND RESCUE) IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

  24. LANDSLIDE: WASHINGTON STATE; MARCH 22, 2014

  25. THE MUDSLIDE

  26. WALL OF MUD MOVED DOWN SLOPE AFTER HEAVY RAINFALL

  27. DESTROYED HOME

  28. S AND R

  29. S AND R

  30. S AND R: SLOW, DANGEROUS WORK

  31. S AND R

  32. IT’S TOO LATE; ONE WEEK LATER: SATURDAY, MARCH 29

  33. WE BELIEVE A FLAWED PREMISE: LANDSLIDE DISASTERS, WHICH OCCUR ANNUALLY IN EVERY NATION, SHOULD BE ENOUGH TO MAKE ALL NATIONS ADOPT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES THAT WILL LEAD TO LANDSLIDE DISASTER RESILIENCE

  34. FACT: BUT, THIS PREMISE IS WRONG; IT USUALLY TAKES MULTIPLE DISASTERS BEFORE A STRICKEN NATION WILL ADOPT POLICIES TO MOVE TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE

  35. LESSON: THE TIMING OF ANTICIPATORY ACTIONS IS VITAL • The people who know: 1) what to expect (e.g., rock falls, “quake lakes,” mud flows, etc.),2) where and when it will happen, and 3) what they should (and should not) do to prepare will survive.

  36. LESSON: MONITORING, EARLY WARNING AND EVACUATION SAVES LIVES • The people who have timely early warning in conjunction with a modern monitoring system, and a community evacuation plan that facilitates getting out of harm’s way from the risks associated with rock falls, mudflows, etc. will survive.

  37. LESSON: EMERGENCY MEDICAL PREPAREDNESS SAVES LIVES • Damaged hospitals and medical facilities combined with lack of clean drinking water, food, and medicine, and high levels of morbidity and mortality will quickly overrun the local community’s capacity for emergency health care.

  38. LESSON: SLOPE STABILITY ENGINEERING SAVE LIVES • Engineering to stabilize slopes will reduce damage to buildings and infrastructure and help sustain their functions.

  39. LESSON: THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY OFTEN PROVIDES AID • The International Community often provides millions to billions of dollars in relief to help “pick up the pieces, ” but this strategy is not enough by itself to ensure disaster resilience.

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