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LEARNING FROM GLOBAL DISASTER LABORATORIES PART 3: HURRICANES

LEARNING FROM GLOBAL DISASTER LABORATORIES PART 3: HURRICANES. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA . A CENTURY OF TROPICAL STORM & HURRICANE TRACKS. TRACKS OF MORE THAN 1325 HURRICANE DISASTER LABORATORIES FOR LEARNING.

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LEARNING FROM GLOBAL DISASTER LABORATORIES PART 3: HURRICANES

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  1. LEARNING FROM GLOBAL DISASTER LABORATORIESPART 3: HURRICANES Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA 

  2. A CENTURY OF TROPICAL STORM & HURRICANE TRACKS

  3. TRACKS OF MORE THAN 1325 HURRICANE DISASTER LABORATORIES FOR LEARNING • EACH HURRICANE TEACHES IMPORTANT TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL LESSONS ABOUT HURRICANE DISASTER RESILIENCE.

  4. Storm Hazards: • Wind pressure • Surge • Rain • Flood • Waves • Salt water • Missiles • Tornadoes • SEVERE WINDSTORMS • INVENTORY • VULNERABILITY • LOCATION • PREPAREDNESS • PROTECTION • EARLY WARNING • EMERGENCY RESPONSE • RECOVERY and • RECONSTRUCTION RISK ASSESSMENT POLICY OPTIONS ACCEPTABLE RISK RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK HURRICANE DISASTERR RESILIENCE Wind profile DATA BASES AND INFORMATION Gradient Wind Ocean COMMUNITY

  5. NATIONS THAT NEED TO BECOME HURRICANE DISASTER RESILIENT • CANADA • USA • MEXICO • CENTRAL AMERICA NATIONS • JAIMAICA AND WEST INDIES • CARIBBEAN BASIN NATIONS

  6. WE CONTINUE TO OPERATE WITH A FLAWED PREMISE: KNOWLEDGE FROM HURRICANE DISASTERS, WHICH OCCUR ANNUALLY IN THE ATLANTIC AND EASTERN PACIFIC BASINS, IS ENOUGH TO MAKE ANY NATION SUSCEPTIBLE TO HURRICANES ADOPT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES THAT WILL FACILITATE ITS DISASTER RESILIENCE

  7. FACT: IT USUALLY TAKES MULTIPLE HURRICANE DISASTERS BEFORE A STRICKEN NATION WILL ADOPT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES THAT MOVE IT TOWARDS HURRICANE DISASTER RESILIENCE

  8. FACT: MOST UNAFFECTED NATIONS DON’T EVEN TRY TO LEARN ANYTHING NEW FROM ANOTHER NATION’S HURRICANE DISASTERS AND CERTAINLY DON’T CONSIDER THEM TO BE A BASIS FOR CHANGING EXISTING POLICIES

  9. CAUSES OF RISK WIND AND WATER PENETRATE BUILDING ENVELOPE UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM FLYING DEBRIS PENETRATES WINDOWS STORM SURGE HURRICANES HEAVY PRECIPITATION IN A SHORT TIME GLOBAL DISASTER LABORATORIES FLASH FLOODING (MUDFLOWS) LANDSLIDES (MUDFLOWS)

  10. TYPICAL SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS • A community’s (worst case--the Capital) functions are shut down for a time • Downed trees • Flooded streets • Power outages • Roofs ripped off

  11. TYPICAL SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS • Major roads blocked by debris • Bridges washed out or impassible • Sea wall, levees, etc., damaged • Airport closed; planes damaged on the runway • Landslides

  12. TYPICAL SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS • Region- and locale-specific damage to food crops and “money crops” (i.e., exportable goods)

  13. EXAMPLES OF PAST HURRICANE DISASTER LABORATORIES THAT TAUGHT MANY LESSONS

  14. SOME OF THE “BAD” HURRICANES: 1989-2013 • Hugo Sept 1989 • Andrew Aug 1992 • Opal Oct 1995 • Floyd Sept 1999

  15. ANDREW: One of the most intense and the last of the three Category 5 hurricanes to make US landfall in the 20th century, Andrew had sustained winds of 165 mi/hr and caused catastrophic damage in Florida.

  16. HURRICANE ANDREW: CAT 5; AUG 24, 1992

  17. HURRICANE ANDREW: FLORIDA CITY, FL; AUG 25, 1992

  18. SOME OF THE “BAD” HURRICANES: 1989-2013 (Continued) • Mitch Nov 1998 • Charley Aug 2004 • Ivan Sept 2004 • Dennis 2005 • Katrina Aug 2005

  19. KATRINA: Nearly every levee in the Federal Protection System of New Orleans’ was breached, eventually causing 80 percent of the city to be flooded, and 1,836 people to lose their lives. .

  20. HURRICANE KATRINA: NEW ORLEANS; CAT 3, AUG 30, 2005

  21. “BAD” HURRICANES: 1989-2013 (Continued) • Rita Sept 2005 • Stan Sept 2005 • Wilma Oct 2005 • NONE 2006

  22. HURRICANE RITA: EVACUATION CENTER, SEPT 21, 2005

  23. RITA: In addition to a record evacuation of over 1 million people that took evacuees to places like the First Baptist Church in Tyler, TX, Rita’s winds, waves, and storm surge caused damage to the oil industry and flooding in New Orleans again.

  24. HURRICANE WILMA: NAPLES, FL; CAT 5, OCT 24, 2005

  25. WILMA: A CAT 5 storm, Wilma was the most intense hurricane ever recorded in the Atlantic basin, but it was a Category 3 when it made landfall in several places, causing devastation in the Yucatan Peninsula, Cuba, and Florida.

  26. SOME OF THE “BAD” HURRICANES: 1988-2013 (Continued) • Dean 2007 • Felix 2007 • Noel, 2007

  27. HURRICANE DEAN: CATEGORY 4 STORM ON AUGUST 18

  28. HURRICANE DEAN: A CATEGORY 2-3 STORM ON AUGUST 17 • The eye of hurricane Dean, the first of the North Atlantic season, passed between the Caribbean islands: St. Lucia and Martinique, on Friday,August 17. • The two islands, less than 80 km (50 mi) apart were, were struck with winds of 165 - 200 km per hour (100 - 125 mi per hour), storm surge, and heavy rain.

  29. SOME OF THE “BAD” HURRICANES: 1988-2013 (Continued) • Gustav Sept 2008 • Ike 2008 • Paloma 2008 • NONE 2009

  30. GUSTAV: Gustav prompted the largest evacuation in USA history-- 3 million people-- who fled the oncoming hurricane, after it had made landfall in Haiti and Cuba, crossed the Gulf of Mexico, and made landfall again in Cocodrie, La., on Sept. 1, 2008.

  31. HURRICANE GUSTAV: 3 MILLION EVACUATING LA, SEPT 1, 2008

  32. SOME OF THE “BAD” HURRICANES: 1989-2013 (Continued) • Igor 2010 • Tomas 2010 • Irene 2011 • None 2012 • Sandy 2013

  33. SANDY: A $300 BILLION STORM; OCTOBER 24, 2012 Sandy, 2012’s ninth hurricane, became a huge storm with wind and rain bands reaching out 500 km or more from the storm center, producing 15-50 cm of rain and flooding in Jamaica, Bermuda, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Cuba, New Jersey, and New York

  34. CAT I HURRICANE SANDY: OCTOBER 24

  35. SUPER STORM SANDY: OCT. 29-30, 2012

  36. SANDY: RAIN IN HAITI

  37. SANDY: RAIN IN CUBA

  38. NOW SUPER STORM SANDY; OCT. 29-30, 2013

  39. NEW JERSEY: ATLANTIC CITY UNDER WATER

  40. NEW JERSEY: OCEAN FRONT FLOODING

  41. NEW JERSEY: STREETS FLOODED

  42. FLOODING IN BROOKLYN, NY

  43. $360 MILLION STORM SURGE, NEW HAVEN, CT: OCT. 30

  44. LESSON: THE TIMING OF ANTICIPATORY ACTIONS IS VITAL • The people who know: 1) what to expect (e.g., storm surge, high-velocity winds, rain, flash floods, and landslides,),2) where and when it will happen, and 3) what they should (and should not) do to prepare will survive.

  45. LESSON: TIMELY EARLY WARNING AND EVACUATION SAVES LIVES • The people who have timely early warning in conjunction with a community evacuation plan that facilitates getting out of harm’s way from the risks associated with storm surge, high winds, flooding, and landslides will survive.

  46. TRACKING THE STORM

  47. THREE MAJOR FACTORS: GOOD COMMUNICATIONS GOOD MESSAGINGSAFE HAVENS FOR EVACUEES

  48. “SAFE HAVENS” (I.E., EVACUATION CENTERS)

  49. LESSON: WIND ENGINEERED BUILDINGS SAVE LIVES • Buildings engineered to withstand the risks from a hurricane’s high velocity winds will maintain their function and protect occupants and users from death and injury.

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