Chapter 27: Cold War America

1. Chapter 27: Cold War America NATION OF NATIONS, SIXTH EDITION DAVIDSON • DELAY • HEYRMAN • LYTLE • STOFF (modified for APUSH – Lmotry)

2. The Rise of the Cold War • Cracks in the Alliance • What were Soviet ambitions? • To deal with menace and disorder, Harry Truman sought to frame a policy • The View from West and East • Roots of the cold war • Munich analogy

3. Toward Containment • George Kennan’s long telegram • “Containment”: provided Washington with a framework for analyzing Soviet behavior • The Truman Doctrine • The Iranian crisis • Aid to Greece and Turkey • Doctrine marked a new level of American commitment to a cold war

4. The Marshall Plan • Truman Doctrine did not address Western Europe • Communism in Hungary and Czechoslovakia • The Fall of Eastern Europe • Berlin Blockade/Airlift • NATO formed (1949) • Israel recognized becomes a state - 1948 “By 1947 anticommunism had become the dominant theme in American policy, both foreign and domestic.”

5. Cold War Europe

6. The Atomic Shield versus the Iron Curtain • The Atomic Energy Commission (1946) • Baruch plan: ensured that the U.S. would dominate any international atomic agency • Atomic Deterrence • American military forced to adopt a nuclear strategy • Belief that the Soviets were determined to overthrow the U.S.

7. Postwar Prosperity • Postwar Adjustments • Minority workers • American G.I. Forum (1948) • Black veterans and civil rights • Civil rights report: To Secure These Rights (1946) • Organized labor

8. The New Deal Programs Under Attack • Republicans and Democrats blocked the president’s attempts to revive the New Deal • Taft-Hartley Act (1947) • A Welfare Program for GIs • The GI Bill (1944) • The bill accelerated trends that would transform America into a prosperous, heavily middle-class suburban nation

9. The Election of 1948 • Henry Wallace and the progressives • Dixiecrats: Strom Thurmond • Truman fights back • The Fair Deal • Agenda called for vigorous revival of New Deal programs • Truman could not forge a working coalition between farmers and labor

10. The Cold War at Home • The Shocks of 1949 • The H-bomb • China falls to Communists - 1949 • The Hiss case (1949) • The Loyalty Crusade • Loyalty Review Board • Loyalty program gave credibility to the growing red scare

12. HUAC, Hollywood, and Unions • House Committee on Un-American Activities began to investigate the film industry • Blacklisting • McCarran Act (1950) • The Ambitions of Senator McCarthy • McCarthy never substantiated charges • Tapped the fears and hatreds of a broad coalition of Catholic leaders, conservatives, and neo-isolationists “By 1950 anticommunism had created a climate of fear in which legitimate concerns mixed with irrational hysteria.”

13. From Cold War to Hot War and Back • Police Action • The North Korean invasion • Amphibious attack launched behind North Korean lines • The Chinese Intervene • China grew increasingly restive • Truman wondered publicly about using the atomic bomb

14. The Korean War

15. Truman versus MacArthur • The military stalemate in Korea brought to light the simmering feud between Truman and MacArthur • April 11: a stunned nation learned that MacArthur had been relieved of his duties • The Global Implications of the Cold War • Europe, not Asia first • Truman announces he will not run for reelection (1952)

16. The Election of 1952 • Moderates like “Ike” • Nixon’s Checkers Speech • Eisenhower and Korea • The Fall of McCarthy • By the summer of 1953, the senator was on an unrestrained attack • McCarthy versus the army

17. “Under the new balance of power in the postwar world, the United States and the Soviet Union stood alone as superpowers, with the potential capability to annihilate each other and the rest of the world.”