1 / 19

Marine Ice Nucleating Particles and the Need for Southern Ocean Measurements

Marine Ice Nucleating Particles and the Need for Southern Ocean Measurements.

linus
Download Presentation

Marine Ice Nucleating Particles and the Need for Southern Ocean Measurements

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Marine Ice Nucleating Particles and the Need for Southern Ocean Measurements Paul J DeMott1, Thomas Christopher James Hill1, Matthew J Ruppel2, Kimberly A Prather2,3, Douglas B Collins2, Jessica l Axson2, Taehyoung Lee4, Chung Yeon Hwang5, Ryan C Sullivan6, Gavin R McMeeking7, Ryan Mason8, Allan K Bertram8, Olga L Mayol-Bracero9, Ernie R Lewis10 1Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA 2University of California, San Diego, CA, USA 3Scripps Institution of Oceanography, San Diego, CA, USA 4Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Korea 5Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea 6Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 7Droplet Measurement Technologies, Boulder, CO, USA 8University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada 9University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA Workshop on Clouds, Aerosols and the Air-Sea Interface of the Southern Oceans (Seattle)

  2. Research questions and significance of ice nucleating particle (INP) measurement of marine aerosols Trenberth and Fasullo (2010) • To what extent are oceans sources of the nuclei for ice cloud formation? • What are sea spray produced ice nucleating particles (INP)? • Do INP emissions play any role in affecting cloud differences (frequency and phase) over oceans, especially SH? • Poor prediction of SH radiation budget by climate models (Trenberth and Fasullo, 2010), too few and too short-lived clouds • Prevalence of supercooled cloud tops down to -20˚C via MODIS and Calipso (Huang et al. 2012) • Low ice crystal concentration (<0.1 L-1at T> >-20˚C), only isolated secondary ice (Grosvenor et al. 2012; Chubb et al. 2013) Kanitz et al. (2011) SH ocean NH land Ship-based lidar assessment of cloud ice fraction DOE-ASR CAPI Ice Nucleation Breakout (Potomac, MD)

  3. Some historical ice nuclei data Burrows et al. (2013) Bigg (1973) Workshop on Clouds, Aerosols and the Air-Sea Interface of the Southern Oceans (Seattle)

  4. Real-time and offline INP measurements Continuous flow diffusion chamber (CFDC): Collection for offline analysis (onto filter or into liquid, frozen) Ambient aerosol Concentrator Inertial impactor at ~2.4 mm Immersion freezing of few to few tens microliter samples > ~4mm Vali (1971):nIN per ml = Inertial impactorEM Bioanalyses: pyrosequencing qPCR) identification of INA bacteria; heat treatment for selective removal of biological organisms PCVI single particle devices Workshop on Clouds, Aerosols and the Air-Sea Interface of the Southern Oceans (Seattle)

  5. CAICE (Center for Aerosol Impacts on Climate and the Environment) Lab Studies Glass Wave Channel Marine Aerosol Reference Tank (MART) Workshop on Clouds, Aerosols and the Air-Sea Interface of the Southern Oceans (Seattle)

  6. CAICE fresh seawater (Scripps pier) wave-breaking experiments (Prather et al. , PNAS, 2013) Basic INP-T spectrum with overlap of methods Modest dependence on n>0.5mm (mimics airborne inorganic INP) • Methods correspond (robust for other inter-comparisons) • time dependence is a minor factor in assessing the activity spectrum of marine INP. • methods have no obvious flaws Workshop on Clouds, Aerosols and the Air-Sea Interface of the Southern Oceans (Seattle)

  7. Two types of laboratory studies performed thus far Plunging tanks Wave Channel Workshop on Clouds, Aerosols and the Air-Sea Interface of the Southern Oceans (Seattle)

  8. Bacteria can mediate INP produced by spray decay However, a major common INP type is SS-OC (sea salt coated with organic carbon, with Mg, sometimes K, P) Feed bacteria Workshop on Clouds, Aerosols and the Air-Sea Interface of the Southern Oceans (Seattle)

  9. Ice nuclei from sea spray particles peak with chl-ain “spiked” phytoplankton blooms (January 2013) Same SS-OC particles inclusions ATOFMS SSOC cluster Workshop on Clouds, Aerosols and the Air-Sea Interface of the Southern Oceans (Seattle)

  10. “Natural” phytoplankton blooms (January 2014) Seawater INP units < 200 nm, apparently organic No change or degradation during bloom but post-bloom INP enhancement at warmer T Note: INP in filter collections were insensitive to 24 hr. dry in clean air Workshop on Clouds, Aerosols and the Air-Sea Interface of the Southern Oceans (Seattle)

  11. Two distinctly different ocean transects (MAGIC LA-Honolulu versus SHIPPO Incheon to Nome) SHIPPO (July 2012) MAGIC-IN (July-Sept 2013) POC Chl-a MODIS – Aqua data (Giovanni) Workshop on Clouds, Aerosols and the Air-Sea Interface of the Southern Oceans (Seattle)

  12. Ice nucleating particles and aerosol biodiversity measured from ambient marine boundary layer filter collections Korea Polar Research Institute’s (KOPRI) Summer 2012 SHIPPO (SHIp-borne Pole-to-Pole Observations) DeMott et al. (in preparation) 100 C heat INP Conc. (L-1) Workshop on Clouds, Aerosols and the Air-Sea Interface of the Southern Oceans (Seattle)

  13. MAGIC-IN: Relatively low INP concentrations over oligotrophic oceans SHIPPO Workshop on Clouds, Aerosols and the Air-Sea Interface of the Southern Oceans (Seattle)

  14. Comparison of all studies to remote continental INP data  weaker marine INP sources 19 22 Workshop on Clouds, Aerosols and the Air-Sea Interface of the Southern Oceans (Seattle)

  15. Comparison of all studies to remote continental INP data  weaker marine INP sources 19 22 Workshop on Clouds, Aerosols and the Air-Sea Interface of the Southern Oceans (Seattle)

  16. Comparison of all studies to remote continental INP data  weaker marine INP sources 19 Workshop on Clouds, Aerosols and the Air-Sea Interface of the Southern Oceans (Seattle)

  17. Workshop on Clouds, Aerosols and the Air-Sea Interface of the Southern Oceans (Seattle)

  18. Summary • Ice nuclei measurements from sea spray directly in lab and from near-surface marine aerosols • Reasonable consistency with previous measurements over oceans • Typically INP0cean < INPland • Varied labile fraction of IN > -20˚C, but clear dominance of organic INP • Complex interplay between biological activity, nutrients, and bubble drop emissions impact IN numbers released in sea spray • Need further compositional data isolating INP units (underway) • Next steps: More lab studies, MAGIC analyses,, numerical modeling collaborations, new oceanic studies (e.g., SHIPPO2014, MNF?, SOCRATES) Workshop on Clouds, Aerosols and the Air-Sea Interface of the Southern Oceans (Seattle)

  19. Acknowledgments • U.S. National Science Foundation, NSF-CHE-1305427 Center for Aerosol Impacts on Climate and the Environment, also grants ATM-0841602 and AGS-1036028 • Department of Energy, Atmospheric Radiation Measurements program • Ice in Clouds – Tropical Science Team and NSF/NCAR C-130 staff and crew • Dr. Bruce Moffett, JCM Labs, UK Workshop on Clouds, Aerosols and the Air-Sea Interface of the Southern Oceans (Seattle)

More Related