Modern Architecture

1. Modern Architecture Architectural History ACT 322 Doris Kemp

2. Topics • Modern Architecture • Modern Architecture: The Chicago School • Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd Wright • Modern Architecture: European Modernism

3. Modern Architecture • The birth of modern architecture came from a realization that the future should not hinge on the past • Earlier periods had relied on even earlier periods to gain inspiration • Modern architecture wanted to look to the future

4. Modern Architecture: The Chicago School • Early Modernism • The Chicago School • Late 19th and early 20th century • Vast building boom in the heart of Chicago in 1885 • Great Fire of 1871 had destroyed much of the city • Leading architectural teams • Burnham and Root • Holabird and Roche • Adler and Sullivan

5. Modern Architecture: The Chicago School • Monadnock Building • c. 1889 – 1891 • Burnham and Root • Client had demanded an extremely simplified appearance • Features • Tall, elongated building • 16 stories • Sheer brickwork • Very simple with no décor or carvings

6. Modern Architecture: The Chicago School http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

7. Modern Architecture: The Chicago School http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

8. Modern Architecture: The Chicago School • Marquette Building • Holabird and Roche • 1893 – 1894 • Has a modern theme with a hint of the Classical • Features • Paneling and cornice work at the top • Continuous piers that support massive lintels recessed in the center bays

9. Modern Architecture: The Chicago School http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

10. Modern Architecture: The Chicago School http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

11. Modern Architecture: The Chicago School • Walker Warehouse • 1888 – 1889 • Adler and Sullivan • Considered a stripped Romanesque style • Lack of rhythms, rustication, and carved ornament • Features • Twin, arched entranceways • Trabeated, flanking bays

12. Modern Architecture: The Chicago School http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

13. Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd Wright • Frank Lloyd Wright • The youngest member of the Chicago School • Flamboyant personality and a sense of prophetic mission in architecture • Studied for two years at the University of Wisconsin as an engineer • Decided he did not want to be an engineer • Designed the Larkin Building in Buffalo, NY • A radical leap into modern architecture

14. Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd Wright • Larkin Building • Buffalo, NY • 1904 • Represented a leap into modern architecture from the 19th century • Features • Rectangular, skylit atrium • Reception facilities, lavatories, lockers, and office space

15. Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd Wright http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

16. Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd Wright http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

17. Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd Wright • Winslow House • 1893 • Frank Lloyd Wright • River Forest, IL • A study in contrasts • Front of the house was all geometric • Rear garden of the house was completely different than the front • Shattered the front’s boxlike structure with splintered, aggressive forms

18. Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd Wright http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

19. Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd Wright http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

20. Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd Wright • Francis W. Little House • 1913 • Frank Lloyd Wright • The grandest of Wright’s early interiors • Now installed in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City

21. Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd Wright http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

22. Modern Architecture: European Modernism • Josef Maria Olbrich • Viennese architect who built the first modern structure in Vienna, Austria • Secession Building • One of the founders of the Viennese Secession • Architectural movement of modernism in Austria

23. Modern Architecture: European Modernism • Secession Building • Vienna, Austria • 1898 – 1899 • Designed for exhibitions • Features a sky lighted interior framed by closed outer walls • Façade is reminiscent of an Egyptian pylon

24. Modern Architecture: European Modernism http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

25. Modern Architecture: European Modernism • Auguste Perret • French architect who used ferroconcrete in an aesthetically pleasing way • Alliance of the tensile strength of steel with the compressive resistance of concrete • Structures • Ponthieu Garage, Paris • Le Raincy Church, Near Paris

26. Modern Architecture: European Modernism • Ponthieu Garage • Paris • Façade reflects the concrete post-and-beam construction behind it • 1905

27. Modern Architecture: European Modernism http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

28. Modern Architecture: European Modernism • Le Raincy Church • Located near Paris • 1912 – 1913 • Medieval theme • Modern ferroconcrete construction

29. Modern Architecture: European Modernism http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

30. Modern Architecture: European Modernism http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

31. References • Sullivan, Mary; http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/ • http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wdpt1.html • Trachtenburg/Hyman; Architecture: From Prehistory to Postmodernity • Wodehouse/Moffett; A History of Western Architecture

32. Modern Architecture Architectural History ACT 322 Doris Kemp