Modern Architecture

1. Modern Architecture Architectural History ACT 322 Doris Kemp

2. Topics • High Modernism • High Modernism: Early Le Corbusier • High Modernism: Early Mies van der Rohe • Late Modernism • Late Modernism: Later Frank Lloyd Wright • Late Modernism: Later Mies van der Rohe • Late Modernism: Later Le Corbusier

3. High Modernism • The Bauhaus • Considered the quintessential structure of High Modernism • Designed by Walter Gropius in 1926 – 1927 • Located in Dessau, Germany

4. High Modernism • The Bauhaus • Workshop Wing • Lifted above a setback half-basement zone • Appears as a pure quadratic volume of glass, suspended weightlessly in midair

5. High Modernism http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

6. High Modernism http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

7. High Modernism http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

8. High Modernism: Early Le Corbusier • Le Corbusier • Rivaled in the early- and mid-twentieth century only by Frank Lloyd Wright • Believer in High Modernism • Strong Classical idealism • Designed the Villa Savoye

9. High Modernism: Early Le Corbusier • Villa Savoye • Located outside of Paris • Considered on of the major icons of 20th century architecture • A superb fusion of functionalism and dazzling formal invention

10. High Modernism: Early Le Corbusier http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

11. High Modernism: Early Le Corbusier http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

12. High Modernism: Early Le Corbusier http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

13. High Modernism: Early Mies van der Rohe • Mies van der Rohe • Closely rivaled Le Corbusier and Wright as form givers to 20th century architecture • Was the leader of the Berlin School in Germany • Famous quotes • “I don’t want to be interesting. I want to be good” • “Less is more”

14. High Modernism: Early Mies van der Rohe • Barcelona Pavilion • Mies van der Rohe • Designed as the German Pavilion for the Barcelona Exposition in 1929

15. High Modernism: Early Mies van der Rohe http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

16. High Modernism: Early Mies van der Rohe http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

17. Late Modernism • Late modernism was led by leaders of High Modernism and Frank Lloyd Wright (Early) • Late Modernism arose after the World War II era • Younger architects were highly influenced by their elders from the early Modern movements

18. Late Modernism: Later Frank Lloyd Wright • Frank Lloyd Wright • Important structures of his later career • Fallingwater House • Guggenheim Museum

19. Late Modernism: Later Frank Lloyd Wright • The Fallingwater House • Located in Bear Run, PA • 1937 • The most universally loved of Wright’s works • A stream runs along side and beneath the house • Huge ferroconcrete terraces reach out into the space of the gorge

20. Late Modernism: Later Frank Lloyd Wright http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

21. Late Modernism: Later Frank Lloyd Wright http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

22. Late Modernism: Later Frank Lloyd Wright http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

23. Late Modernism: Later Frank Lloyd Wright • The Guggenheim Museum • Located in New York City, NY • 1956 – 1959 • Derives from Wright’s earlier masterpiece, the Larkin Building • Interior features a large spiraling ramp that descends downward • Art is displayed on the walls of the ramp • Viewers descend the ramp to view the art

24. Late Modernism: Later Frank Lloyd Wright http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

25. Late Modernism: Later Frank Lloyd Wright http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

26. Late Modernism: Later Frank Lloyd Wright http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

27. Late Modernism: Later Mies van der Rohe • Mies van der Rohe • Came to America in 1938 • Taught at the Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago • Major structure • The Seagram Building, NY

28. Late Modernism: Later Mies van der Rohe • The Seagram Building • Located in New York City, NY • 1954 – 1958 • Clad in solid bronze and tinted glass • 38 stories • 520 feet high

29. Late Modernism: Later Mies van der Rohe http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

30. Late Modernism: Later Mies van der Rohe http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

31. Late Modernism: Later Le Corbusier • Le Corbusier • Still maintained a ferroconcrete model in his later works • Utilized it to create bold sculptural effects in his later works • Major structure • Notre-Dame-du-Haut, France

32. Late Modernism: Later Le Corbusier • Notre-Dame-du-Haut • Located in Ronchamp, France • A church that made an extreme statement as to Le Corbusier’s style • Sited atop a hillside http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

33. Late Modernism: Later Le Corbusier http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

34. Late Modernism: Later Le Corbusier http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

35. Late Modernism: Later Le Corbusier http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

36. References • Sullivan, Mary; http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/ • http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wdpt1.html • Trachtenburg/Hyman; Architecture: From Prehistory to Postmodernity • Wodehouse/Moffett; A History of Western Architecture

37. Modern Architecture Architectural History ACT 322 Doris Kemp