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Lecture 3 Overview of the Body

Lecture 3 Overview of the Body. A Brief Introduction. Reflection:. “Your body is a temple, only if you treat it as one” ***Select 2 topics*** Write a paragraph (5-7 sentences) on your interpretation of the quote .

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Lecture 3 Overview of the Body

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  1. Lecture 3Overview of the Body A Brief Introduction

  2. Reflection: “Your body is a temple, only if you treat it as one” ***Select 2 topics*** • Write a paragraph (5-7 sentences) on your interpretation of the quote . • Write a paragraph (5-7 sentences) about what you believe is an “amazing” function of the human body. • Write a paragraph (5-7 sentences) about ways people do NOT treat their body as a “temple.”

  3. Objectives • List seven cell functions • Identify three main parts of the cell & explain their functions • Describe the relationship between cells, tissues, organs, and systems of the body • Identify terms relating to the body

  4. Do Now Explain why health care workers must have a basic knowledge of body structures and how they function.

  5. The Cell • Cell – smallest structural section in the body that is capable of independent functioning. • building block of the body • Microscopic: can only be seen w/ a microscope • Body is made up of millions cells • Each cell is programmed for a specific job • Many cells repair themselves

  6. The Cell • Each cell • Reproduces • Grows • Uses oxygen & nutrients • Digests food for energy • Eliminates waster • Produces heat & energy • Able to move around

  7. Structure of the Cell • Nucleus: regulates cell; vital for cell’s growth, metabolism, reproduction, and transmitted characteristics • Cytoplasm: jellylike liquid that surrounds nucleus; where the activities of cell occur • Cell membrane: thin, soft layer that surrounds the cell & holds it together; allows matter to flow in and out of the cell

  8. Tissues • Tissues: groups of cells of the same type that act together to perform a specific function • Tissues have a specific job • Four primary kinds of tissues • Nerve • Epithelial • Connective • Muscle Blood is a connective tissue! What about blood? How do we classify blood?

  9. Tissues of the Body

  10. Organs • Organs are made up of specialized tissues that allow each part of an organ to performs its own specific function. • Several different types of tissue for one organ • Example: heart = connective + cardiac + nerve

  11. Systems • System is a group of organs working together to perform a certain function

  12. The Body Systems • Skeletal system • Muscular system • Circulatory system • Lymphatic system • Respiratory system • Digestive system • Excretory/Urinary system • Endocrine system • Nervous system • Reproductive system • Integumentary system

  13. The Organization

  14. Planes & Directions of the Body • You must know • To document information about patients • To specify regions or directions

  15. Common Planes of the Body • Axial/Transverse plane (horizontal) • Upper vs. Lower • Coronal/Frontal plane (vertical) • Front vs. Back • Sagittal planes • Left vs. Right

  16. Most Common Body Directions • Cranial (superior): located near the head • Caudal (inferior): located toward the sacral (tailbone) region • Superior: above or in a higher position • The head is superior to neck • Inferior: below, lower • The knee is inferior to thigh • Ventral or anterior: located near the surface or in front of coronal (frontal) plane • Dorsal or posterior: located to the back of the coronal plane

  17. Most Common Body Directions • Medial: near the center or midline of the sagittal plane • Think of midline as dividing body in ½ • Lateral: away from the midline of the sagittal plane • Proximal: nearest point of attachment • Distal: farthest from the point of attachment or the midline

  18. Body Directions

  19. Cavities of the Body • We have cavities • in the front of our body = ventral • in the back of our body = dorsal

  20. Ventral Cavities - Front • Thoracic Cavity – houses the heart, lungs, large blood vessels • Abdominal Cavity – houses the stomach, most of the intestines, kidney, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen • Pelvic Cavity – houses the urinary bladder, part of intestine, rectum, parts of reproductive system

  21. Dorsal Cavities - Back • Cranial cavity – houses the brain • Spinal/Vertebral cavity – houses the spinal cord

  22. Body Cavities

  23. Jobs & Professions Medical Doctor (MD or DO) A licensed physician responsible for comprehensive patient care Microbiologist A scientist who studies microbes, or living organisms and infectious agents that are too small to be seen by the naked eye Pathologist Medical doctor who examines tissue specimens, cells, & bodily fluids through laboratory tests then interprets results for diagnosis

  24. Jobs & Professions Registered Nurse (RN) Involved in all aspects of patient care from treating, giving medication to performing tests Nurse Practitioner (NP) RN who received additional education & clinical training in diagnosis & treatment of illness License Practical (LPN) & Vocational Nurse (LVN) Provides basic bedside care for patients under supervision of a MD/DO or RN Nursing Assistant (NA) Work under direct supervision of nurse

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