Clean Coal Technology Developments & the move towards CO2 Capture Dr John Topper

1. Clean Coal Technology Developments & the move towards CO2 Capture Dr John Topper IEA Clean Coal Centre, London STEP-TREC Programme,Trichy, December, 2013

2. Membership status of the IEA Clean Coal Centre at October 2013 Japan Italy Poland Germany Republic of Korea CEC S Africa Canada UK Acentre of excellence for all aspects of clean coal knowledge transfer Austria USA Australia Anglo American Thermal Coal Beijing ResearchInstitute of Coal Chemistry Glencore Xstrata Electric Power Planning & Engineering Institute of China Suek Coal Association NZ Eletrobras Banpu BHEL

3. Coal Supply and Demand to 2035 Examples of Best Practice Today in Coal Fired Power Efficient Clean Power Tomorrow? Status of Carbon Capture

4. World Energy Outlook Published by IEA November 2012 All views expressed are the speaker’s and not necessarily the IEA’s

5. IEA WEO 2012Incremental world primary energy demand by fuel, 2001-2011 1 750 Mtoe 1 500 Renewables 1 250 1 000 Oil 750 500 Natural gas 250 0 Total non-coal Coal Since the start of the 21st century, coal has dominated the global energy demand picture, alone accounting for 45% of energy demand growth over 2001-2011

6. IEA WEO 2012World primary energy demand by fuel 5 000 2010 Mtoe 2035 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 0 Oil Coal Gas Renewables Nuclear Fossil fuels account for 60% of the overall increase in demand,remaining the principal sources of energy worldwide

7. IEA WEO 2012A power shift to emerging economies Change in power generation, 2010-2035 Coal Gas Nuclear Renewables China India United States European Union Japan 2 000 3 000 4 000 5 000 6 000 -1 000 0 1 000 TWh TWh The need for electricity in emerging economies drives a 70% increase in worldwide demand, with China & India accounting for over half of the global growth

8. Countries with the largest populationwithout access to electricity in 2010 350 70% Developing Asia Million 300 60% Sub-Saharan Africa 250 50% Cumulative share of global total (right axis) 200 40% 150 30% 100 20% 50 10% 0 0% India Kenya Nigeria Uganda Tanzania Ethiopia Pakistan Indonesia DR Congo Bangladesh Over 95% of those without electricity are in developing Asia or sub-Saharan Africa & nearly two-thirds are in just ten countries (IEA WEO 2012)

9. Best Practice Today

10. Torrevaldaliga Nord USC, boilers supplied by Babcock Hitachi , using bituminous coal • 3 units at 660MWe = 1980MWe station • Low conventional emissions (NOx <100 mg/m3, sulphur oxides <100 mg/m3, particulates 15 mg/m3, at 6% O2, dry); full waste utilisation • Highest steam conditions: 604C/612C at turbine: 25 MPa • Operating net efficiency >44.7% LHV • Wet scrubber based limestone/gypsum FGD • NOx abatement SCR • Particulates removal Bag filters • New sea port for coal delivery • Solids handling all enclosed

11. Niederaussem K, Germany USC, tower boiler, tangential wall firing, lignite of 50-60% moisture, inland • Highlyefficient lignite-fired plant • Operating net efficiency 43.2% LHV/37% HHV • High steam conditions 27.5 MPa/580C/600C at turbine; initial difficulties solved using 27% Cr materials in critical areas • Unique heat recovery arrangements with heat extraction to low temperatures – complex feedwater circuit • Low backpressure: 200 m cooling tower, 14.7C condenser inlet • Lignite drying demonstration plant being installed to process 25% of fuel feed to enable even higher efficiency • NOx abatement Combustion measures • Particulates removal ESP • Desulphurisation Wet FGD

12. Isogo New Units 1 & 2, Japan – highlights USC, tower boiler, opposed wall firing, international bituminous coal and Japanese coals, warm sea water • Near zero conventional emissions (NOx 20 mg/m3, sulphur oxides 6 mg/m3, particulates 1 mg/m3, at 6% O2, dry); full waste utilisation • Highest steam conditions: 25.0 MPa/600C/610C at turbine: ASME CC 2328 steels in S/H; P122 for main steam pipework • Operating net efficiency >42% LHV/40.6% HHV • Efficiency tempered slightly by 21C CW, fewer FW heating stages • Dry regenerable activated coke FGD (ReACT) • NOx abatement: Combustion measures and SCR • Particulates removal: ESP • Isogo New Unit 2 uses ReACT specifically for multi-pollutant control, including mercury

13. Huaneng Yuhuan 4x 1000MWe USC coal fired power plant

14. SasanUMPP, Madhya Pradesh Reliance Power, 6 x 660 MW supercritical units. 24.7 MPa/565/593 Plant connected to the grid in September 2012

15. HELE coal-fired power generation

16. What are HELE technologies? (HELE=high Efficiency Low Emissions) HELE CCS *Efficiency improvement* Reduce non-GHG emissions Reduce CO2emissions Efficiency improvement reduces specific fuel consumption and also reduces specific pollutant emissions.

17. Age distribution of existing power plants Ageing infrastructure is the challenge in many OECD countries. Emerging economies have a growing demand for electricity.

18. Improve efficiency, then deploy CCS Decrease generation from subcritical Install CCS*on plants over supercritical Increase generation from high-efficiency technology (SC or better) *CCS (Post-combustion, Oxyfuel, Pre-combustion CO2 capture) Subcritical Global coal-fired electricity generation (TWh) HELE Plants with CCS* USC IGCC Supercritical * CCS fitted to SC (or better) units. Three processes essential to achieve a low-carbon scenario

19. Impact of efficiency improvement on CO2 abatement Efficiency in 2DS 37% 42% 33% 43% 34% Efficiency improvement CO2 abatement by CCS Average CO2 intensity factor in 2DS (gCO2/kWh) Share of CCS (1=100%) Share of CCS Raising efficiency significantly reduces the CO2/kWh emitted.

20. Average worldwide hard coal EU av hard coal 33% 38% 47% 50% 1015 gCO2/kWh 881 gCO2/kWh 711 gCO2/kWh 669 gCO2/kWh State-of-the art PC/IGCC hard coal Advanced R&D Hard coal >2030 CO2 emission reduction by key technologies Latrobe Valley lignite (Australia) 28-29.0% 1400 gCO2/kWh EU state-of- the-art lignite 43-44% 930 gCO2/kWh gCO2/kWh Advanced lignite 55% 740 gCO2/kWh but deep cuts only by CCS Data for hard coal-fired power plants from VGB 2007; data for lignite plants from C Henderson, IEA Clean Coal Centre; efficiencies are LHV,net Energy Efficiency makes big change but deep cuts of CO2 emission can be done only by Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)

21. The challenge of advanced USC 700-760°C Boiler tube/piping 700-760°C Steam turbine rotor/shaft 700°C/ 30 - 35MPa ~ Boiler Steam turbine Generator - Nickel-based super-alloys - Ferrite/Austenitic alloys Nickel-based super-alloys will enable plant components to withstand temperatures of 700ºC and beyond.

22. Current state of A-USC technology

23. Moisture reduction important for some coals Advanced lignite pre-drying in pulverised coal combustion RWE Power Vattenfall The steam cycle is optimised for maximum efficiency.

24. Drax is a pioneer in biomass direct injection technology New 500MW co-firing facility is largest in the world Capacity to co-fire >1.5m tonnes pellets per year Drax Power in UK - 500MW Co-firing Facility 24

25. PRENFLO Gasifier Coal preparation ASU Combined Cycle New CO2 capture pilot plant Sulphur Recovery PSE-CO2 project : CO2 Capture Pilot Plant Puertollano IGCC power plant and pilot plant location Pilotplant general view IGCC powerplant general view Courtesy of Elcogas

26. http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/get-involved/in-focus/2013/10/global-status-ccs-2013http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/get-involved/in-focus/2013/10/global-status-ccs-2013

27. GCCSI – Report 2013 As reported in Power Engineering magazine

28. GCCSI – Summary Report 2013Contribution of CCS to CO2 emissions reduction

29. GCCSI - Summary Report 2013Costs of CO2 avoided in Power Sector

30. GCCSI – Summary Report 2013LSIPS Progress since 2010

31. THE END THANK YOU ALL FOR LISTENING john.topper@iea-coal.org