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Bell Work

Learn about types of evolution (coevolution, divergent evolution, convergent evolution), biodiversity, and genetic variation. Practice worksheet included.

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Bell Work

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  1. Bell Work • Pick up note page and practice worksheet • Define the words DIVERGE and CONVERGE

  2. TYPES OF EVOLUTION

  3. CLE 3210.5.5 Explain how evolution contributes to the amount of biodiversity CLE 3210.5.3 Explain how genetic variation in a population and changing environmental conditions are associated with adaptation and the emergence of new species. Standards

  4. Differentiate between coevolution, divergent evolution, convergent evolution and a punctuated equilibrium Recognize examples of each type of evolution in action Objectives

  5. Important Vocabulary • Population: all of the same species that live in one area • Species: a group of closely related organisms with similar characteristics that are capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring

  6. Adaptation vs. Acclimatization • Adaptation - Changes in traits in populations over time • Example: White moth population becoming a black moth population after 5 generations. • Acclimatization – individual organism changes physiologically • Example: growing thicker fur in winter

  7. What are the types of evolution? • Natural selection can result in evolution occurring in 4 ways: • Coevolution • Divergent evolution • Convergent evolution • Punctuated equilibrium

  8. 1. Coevolution • Coevolution—two species evolve together due to their close relationship. When one evolves, the other evolves too! • Examples: birds and flowers, or predators/prey

  9. Coevolution Examples:

  10. 2. Divergent Evolution • Divergent evolution—species with same ancestorthat live in different environmentsadapt with increasingly different characteristics until they are no longer the same species • Key Point: DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS will lead to differences in which variations of traits are most “fit” (successful) • Example: Finches on the Galapagos Islands evolved into many different species to eat different foods.

  11. Adaptive Radiation • an evolutionary pattern in which many species diverge from a single ancestral species

  12. Leads to homologous structures

  13. Divergent Evolution Common Ancestor

  14. 3. Convergent Evolution • Convergent evolution—species with different ancestors that live in similar environments adapt with increasingly similar characteristics • Key Point: SIMILARENVIRONMENTSlead to development of structures with similar functions • Example: Dolphins and sharks have very different internal structures, but both have evolved flippers because they live & compete in the sea.

  15. Convergent Evolution • Leads to analogous structures

  16. Convergent Evolution Example:

  17. DIVERGENT: different environment COEVOLUTION: predator/prey CONVERGENT: same environment

  18. Punctuated Equilibrium vs. Gradualism • Punctuated Equilibrium: evolution that is marked by isolated episodes of rapid speciation between long periods of little or no change. • Gradualism: speciation that occurred slowly over long periods of time; typically caused by a gradual selection of successful trait

  19. Artificial Selection • Natural Selection = environment determines desirable traits • Artificial selection = humans determine desirable traits

  20. What is a Phylogenetic Tree? • Shows evolutionary relationship among organisms based on genetic similarities (similar characteristics) • As you go down the tree, you go back in time to a common ancestor • Branching means new characteristics from the emergence of a new species • AKA: Cladograms

  21. How do I read Cladograms? • The closer two lines are to each other, the more characteristics they share in common so the more closely related the species • The further away, the more distantly related X X Which species is the closest related species to species B? What does point X represent?

  22. Reading a Cladogram • Which characteristic do all species share in common? • Which organism is most closely related to a lizard? • Which characteristic does a lizard have that a salamander does not?

  23. Practice: • Complete types of evolution practice worksheet

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