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Chapter 8, Economics

Chapter 8, Economics. Key Terms. allocation of resources Rules adopted by all societies that govern the regulation and control of such resources as land, water, and their by-products.

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Chapter 8, Economics

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  1. Chapter 8, Economics Key Terms

  2. allocation of resourcesRules adopted by all societies that govern the regulation and control of such resources as land, water, and their by-products. balanced reciprocityThe practice of giving with the expectation that a similar gift will be given in the opposite direction either immediately or after a limited period of time.

  3. barterThe direct exchange of commodities between people that does not involve a standardized currency. big men/big women Self-made leaders, found widely in Melanesia and New Guinea, who gain prominence by convincing their followers to contribute excess food to provide lavish feasts for the followers of other big men or big women.

  4. bridewealthThe transfer of goods from the groom’s lineage to the bride’s lineage to legitimize marriage. division of laborThe set of rules found in all societies dictating how the day-to-day tasks are assigned to the various members of a society.

  5. economic anthropologyA branch of the discipline of anthropology that looks at systems of production, distribution, and consumption most often in the nonindustrialized world. economicsThe academic discipline that studies systems of production, distribution, and consumption, most typically in the industrialized world.

  6. formal economic theoristsThose economic anthropologists who suggest that the ideas of Western economics can be applied to any economic situation. generalized reciprocityThe practice of giving a gift with an expected return.

  7. globalizationThe worldwide process, dating back to the fall of the Berlin Wall, which involves a revolution in information technology, a dramatic opening of markets, and the privatization of social services. kula ringA form of reciprocal trading found among the Trobriand Islanders involving the use of white shell armbands and red shell bracelets.

  8. market exchangeA form of distribution where goods and services are bought and sold and their value determined by the principle of supply and demand. mechanical solidarityA type of social integration based on mutuality of interests found in societies with little division of labor.

  9. negative reciprocityA form of economic exchange between individuals who try to take advantage of each other. organic solidarityA type of social integration based on mutual interdependence; found in societies with a relatively elaborate division of labor.

  10. particularismThe propensity to deal with other people based on one’s particular relationship to them rather than according to a universally applied set of standards.

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