Lagrangian studies of the transport transformation and biological

1. Lagrangian studies of the transport transformation and biological impact of nutrients and contaminant metals in a buoyant plume: a process study in an operational ocean observatory. Robert Chant1, John Reinfelder1, Scott Glenn1, Oscar Schofield1, John Wilkin1, Bob Houghton1, Bob Chen3, Meng Zhou3, Mark Moline4, Paul Bissett5 ,Tom Frazer6. 1Rutgers,2 Lamont-Doherty, 3U. Mass Boston, 4FERI, 5Calpoly, 6U. Fla. Gainsville

2. Geyer and Fong • Basic objective of our project is to quantify mixing and the • rate that biological and chemical processes transforms material • in a buoyant coastal current, including • Biological production rates and community composition. • Zooplankton community response. • Bioavailability and bio-accumulation of metals. • CDOM photobleaching rates. Downwelling Upwelling Link these rates to wind forced changes in the structure of the plume.

3. Project Components 1) Process Study Dye Experiments Adaptive biological/chemical sampling Moored Array 2) Ocean Observatory Nested CODAR Fleet of Gliders Satellites 3) Modeling Data assimilative hindcasts (ROMS) Suite of biological models (NPZ, Fasham, EcoSIM) 4) Education State Funded Ph.D. Students Masters in Operational Oceanography K-12 outreach (COSEE) 5) Current and proposed collaborations Link to Stevens Harbor Observatory Lamont, WHOI, Rutgers (NSF submissions)

4. The Process Study R/V Cape Hatteras Dye Study (Houghton)

5. Eco-shuttle (Bob Chen) Tow-yo @ 8 knots featuring Pumped teflon system at 8 liters/min to lab-van on deck for discrete sample analysis Sensors on shuttle include CTD, rhodamine-wt, CDOM, cl-a, flourometers, OBS, O2, laser plankton counter (shape, size and number)

6. Eco-shuttle (Bob Chen) Laboratory van includes AC-9, LISST-100, DOC/TN analyzer and 3-nutrient analyizer.

7. Metals Cycling John Reinfelder Concentration and speciation of Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb for both water and phytoplankton samples. Cu, Hg 10 minute resolution

8. Productivity- Oscar Schofield High Resolution productivity maps Discrete samples for phytoplankton rates and community composition.

9. The R/V Connecticut Dedicated Biological Vessel Mark Moline • Phytoplankton pigmentation • P-I relationships • Carbon fixation • phytoplankton identification and abundance • phytoplankton growth rates (community and group specific) • Profiling Package • CTD, ac-9, Spectral fluoresense (Safire), Hyperspectral radiometer, 6-wavelength backscatter, bioluminescense bathypohotmeter, above water hyperspectral reflectance meter. • Enables us to brings samples back to the lab while Hatteras tracks dye 24/7

10. The R/V C Connecticut Dedicated Biological Vessel Tom Frazer • Zooplankton abundance and key taxa. • Quantify zooplankton grazing rates. • Food removal and and gut flourescence techniques used to measure feeding rates of dominant meso and macrozooplankton. • Dilution method used for grazing rates of microzooplankton.

11. Sustained component for large time scale/space scale observations. • Characterizes shelf climatology. • Provides continuous data streams for assimilation into models • Provides spatial and temporal context for process studies. CODAR, Satellites, Glider, LEO-15

14. Remote Sensing and the Hudson Plume • -Rutgers University has provided • matching funds for X-Band satellite • dish. • -The X-band will provide real-time • satellite direct broadcast for the • international constellation of satellites. • The satellites which will be accessed • include, MODIS (4 passes/day), Chinese • FY1-C & FY1-D, Indian Oceansat, • Japanese ADEOS II, AVHRR The ONR HyCODE LEO experiment focused on developing new algorithms for turbid waters for absorption, backscatter, dissolved organic matter, sediment. These are being combined with traditional products for water mass tagging.

15. Timeline 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Mooring array 2-Dye experiments each year (May) Full utilization of ocean observatory and model. MOO students Glider Tests Plume survey with pumped to-yo system Reconfigure Codar Install X-Band Dish Workshop Dye Study in Delaware Plume Plume survey Pilot Study (May) Assess zoo-Plankton sampling strategies Numerical simulations Data assimilative physical/biological hindcasting. MOO Students aid in analysis

16. Panel Summary Strengths Creative & Broad impacts Excellent Leveraging Integrated measurements & modeling Strong effort on data assimilation Good outreach Dye & metals Could metals be used as tracer? Strong PO component Use of gliders Focus on anthropogenic contaminants Weaknesses Higher tropic levels not treated No benthic component ECOsim does not consider higher tropic levels Little attention to cross-shelf transport Chant’s inexperience.

17. NSF system Good 3.0 Very Good 2.0 Excellent 1.0 Panel Range 2.5-1.0 mean 1.67 Mail Ranges 3.0-1.0 mean 1.93 3 good, 3 excellent, 1 very good, 1 VG/E

18. Comments of Mail Reviewers • Positive • Coherent , well integrated program. Good use of technology. • Strong leveraging. Potential for advances in data assimilation techniques, and evaluation/validation of model parameterization. ROMS and ECOSIM developers working together. • Lagrangian tracking of a coupled physical-biological process • Data assimilation techniques more novel aspects of the proposal • Observing system. • Good outreach (MOO, COSEE) • Easy to understand. Likely to achieve objectives. • Negative • Chant’s inexperience • Higher tropic levels not integrated. • No benthic component • Narrow temporal focus • CDOM more emphasized than SPM.. • Biological modeling too complicated. Should start with simple box model following dye patch, • Go to 1-D vertical model following patch, 2-D cross-shelf model following patch.

20. Cruise track Boxes depict stations

22. Top view (salinity) Cross Shore Sections (contours show salinity, Colors show temperature)

24. OBS (volts) Salinity