Neutralization Reactions

Neutralization Reactions + → Base Salt + Water • Acid • HX(aq) + MOH(aq)→ MX(aq) +H2O(l) • DR rxn

Sodium Chloride + Water Hydrochloric Acid + SodiumHydroxide • HCl(aq) • NaOH(aq) Is it balanced?? • NaCl(aq) + • H2O(l)

HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)  NaCl(aq) + H2O H+1(aq) + Cl-1(aq) + Na+1(aq) + OH-1(aq)  H2O(l) + Na+1(aq)+ Cl-1(aq) H+1(aq) + OH-1(aq)  H2O(l)

HNO3(aq) + KOH(aq)  KNO3(aq) + H2O(l) Nitric Acid + Potassium Hydroxide H+1(aq) + NO3-1(aq) + K+1(aq) + OH-1(aq)  K+1(aq) + NO3-1(aq) + H2O(l) H+1(aq) + OH-1(aq)  H2O

H2SO4(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq)  CaSO4(aq) + H2O(l) Sulfuric Acid + Calcium Hydroxide H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2→ CaSO4 + 2 H2O

For any neutralization reaction between an acid & base: net ionic equationis always H+1(aq) + OH-1(aq)  H2O(l)

pH < 7 pH  pH = 7 pH > 7 pH  pH = 7 pH changes during neutralization • Start with an acid • Add a base • At neutralization • Start with a base • Add an acid • At neutralization

H+1(aq) + OH-1(aq)  H2O(l) At neutralization point: # moles H+1 = # moles OH-1 1-to-1 relationship between H+1and OH-1

Molarity of H+1 = moles H+1 liters of soln Molarity of H+1

Molarity of OH-1 = moles OH-1 liters of soln Molarity of OH-1

Moles H+1 = Moles OH-1 (MH+1) (VH+1) = (MOH-1) (VOH-1) At neutralization

(MA)( VA) = (MB)( VB) • MA = molarity of H+1 • VA = volume of acid • MB = molarity of OH-1 • VB = volume of base True for: • monoprotic acid with monohydroxy base • diprotic acid with dihydroxy base • triprotic acid with trihydroxy base

Molarity of H+1 • In HCl: molarity H+1 = molarity HCl • In H2SO4: molarity H+1 =2(molarity H2SO4) • In H3PO4: molarity H+1 =3(molarity H3PO4)

Molarity of OH-1 • In KOH: molarity OH-1 = molarity KOH • In Ca(OH)2: molarity OH-1 =2(molarity Ca(OH)2)

When # H’s ≠ # OH’s (#H’s) (MA)(VA) = (MB)(VB) (#OH’s)

Neutralization Reactions