Quiz 4 review | October 12, 2016

1. Quiz 4 review | October 12, 2016

2. Quiz 4 • Cardiac pathology • Lung pathology • Renal pathology

3. Contents of a plaque

5. Atherosclerosis: Major Risk Factors Non-modifiable • Increasing age • Gender • Family history • Genetic abnormalities Potentially modifiable • Hyperlipidemia • Hypertension • Cigarette smoking • Diabetes • C-reactive protein level

6. cyanosis pulmonary edema hepatomegaly Clinical consequences of left and right heart failure splenomegaly ascites peripheral edema

7. Congenital Heart Disease • Left-to-right shunts • atrial septal defects • ventricular septal defects • Patent ductusarteriosus • Right-to-left shunts • tetralogy of fallot • transposition of the great arteries • Obstructions • aortic coarctation

8. Tetralogy of Fallot

9. Emphysema: dilated air spaces

10. Chronic bronchitis: mucous gland hyperplasia

11. IPF: tons of fibrosis

12. Typical bugs in different clinical settings Community-acquired • Streptococcus pneumoniae • Haemophilusinfluenzae • Mycoplasma pneumoniae • viruses Immunocompromised • Cytomegalovirus • Pneumocystis jiroveci • Aspergillus Nosocomial • gram-negative rods • Staphylococcus aureus Chronic • Mycobacterium tuberculosis • Histoplasma capsulatum Aspiration • Anaerobic bacteria

13. Ghon complex: lung lesion + involved nodes

14. Small cell carcinoma

15. Nephritic syndrome Nephrotic syndrome • Hematuria • Oliguria • Azotemia • Hypertension • Massive proteinuria • Hypoalbuminemia • Edema • Hyperlipidemia/-uria Nephrotic vs. Nephritic Syndrome

16. Minimal change disease

17. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

18. Membranous nephropathy

19. Post-infectious glomerulonephritis

20. IgA nephropathy