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PRETERITE

PRETERITE. To express actions initiated or completed in the past. When talking about the beginning or end of an event(terminated action). ar yo = é nosotros/as = amos

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PRETERITE

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  1. PRETERITE To express actions initiated or completed in the past. When talking about the beginning or end of an event(terminated action). ar yo = é nosotros/as = amos tú = aste vosotros/as = asteis usted, él, ella = ó ustedes, él, ella = aron er/ir yo = í nosotros/as = imos tú = iste vosotros/as = i ó usted, él, ella = ió ustedes , él, ella = ieron • Accent mark in the yo and the usted, él, ella forms • Ver conjugations do not have accent mark because they have only one syllable: vi, vio • Stem changing ar and er verbs do not change in the preterite (pensar and volver) • pensar: pensé, pensaste, pensamos, pensasteis, pensaron

  2. PRETERITE • Verbs ending in car,gar, and zarhave spelling change in the yo form. • car = quésacar: saqué • gar = guéllegar: llegué • zar = céempezar: empecé • Verb daruses the endings of erand ir verbs • dar: di, diste, dio, dimos, disteis, dieron • Some time expressions that can use with the preterite to denote past time: ayer; anteyer; anoche, anteanoche/antenoche; la semanapasada; el añopasado; el mespasado • Preterite of er and irverbs whose stem ends in a vowel: are the same as those of regular er and irverbs, except for the él, ella, ustedfrm and the ellos, ellas, ustedes form which end in yoandyeron. leer: él, ella, usted (leyó) ellos, ellas, ustedes (leyeron) • Other verbs: oir, caer, creer, construir

  3. PRETERITE Irregular preterite forms. All of them have an i in the stem and do not stress the last syllable in the yo and él, ella, usted forms. • hacer: hic hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicisteis, hicieron • querer: quis quise, quisiste, quiso, quisimos, quisisteis, quisieron • venir: vin vine, viniste, vino, viniomos, vinisteis, vinieron Verbs decir, traer, and all verbs ending in ducir (traducir) have a j in the stem and use the ending ieron. Decir also have an i in the stem. • decir: dij dije, dijiste, dijo, dijimos, dijisteis, dijeron • traer: traj traje, trajiste, trajo, trajimos, trajisteis, trajeron • traducir: traduj traduje, tradujiste, tradujo, tradujimos, tradujisteis, tradujeron

  4. PRETERITE • ir and ser: have identical forms in the preterite. fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, fueron • Stem changing ir verbs e=ie and o=u preferir: preferí , preferiste, preferiste, prefirió , preferimos, preferisteis, prefirieron dormir: dormí, dormiste, durmió, dormimos, dormisteis, durmieron • Preterite ending of stem changing ir verbs are the same asthose used for regular irverbs. • All irverbs whose stem vowel e changes to ie or iin the present tense change the same vowel to iin the él, ella, ustedform and the ellos, ellas, ustedesform. • Other verbs which follow the preferirpattern are pedir, despedir, seguir, and servir. • Dormir and morir (to die) whose stem vowel o changes to ue in the present tense, change the same vowel to u in the él, ella, ustedform and the ellos, ellas, ustedesform.

  5. PRETERITE • The following irregular verbs have a u in the preterite stem. The yo and él, ella, usted forms do not stress the last syllable. estar: estuv estuve, estuviste, estuvo, estuvimos, estuvisteis, estuvieron tener: tuv tuve, tuviste, tuvo, tuviomos, tuvisteis, tuvieron poder: pud pude, pudiste, pudo, pudimos, pudisteis, pudieron poner: pus puse, pusiste, puso, pusimos, pusisteis, pusieron saber: sup supe, supiste, supo, supimos, supisteis, supieron

  6. IMPERFECT • Talk about the middle or on-going part of an event or customary or habitual actions in the past. • Not perfected or completed in the past. • Something that was happening; you used to do; say how old someone was; tell what time it was. • Explain what used to happen- (on going) • Repeated action in the past: Nosotros ibamos a la playa todos los dias. • Express action that was in progress in the past: En esos momentos Juan hablaba con su hermana. • Imperfect of estar + present participle (ando/iendo) to emphasize on- going activity: En esos momentos Juan estaba hablando con su hermana.

  7. IMPERFECT • Describe characteristics and conditions in the past. La casa era blanca, con techo rojo, y tenia dos dormitorios. • Tell time in the past. Era la una. • Tell age in the past. Ella tenia dieciocho anos. • Apply both tense to talk about two overlapping events. Preterite: for action that occurred. Imperfect: for what was going on at the time. Expressions used with imperfect: mientras; a veces; siempre; generalmente; frecuentemente

  8. IMPERFECT ar yo = aba nosotros/as = abamos tú = abas vosotros/as = ábais usted, él, ella = aba ustedes, él, ella = aban er/ir yo = ía nosotros/as = íamos tú = ías vosotros/as = íais usted, él, ella = ía ustedes , él, ella = ían • Endings for er and ir verbs are the same and every verb form has an accent mark over the í of the ending. • Stem changing verbs do not change in the imperfect. Ella no duerme bien ahora, pero antes dormía muy bien.

  9. IMPERFECT • Only three verbs are irregular in the imperfect. ir: iba,ibas, iba, íbamos, ibais, iban ser: era, eras, era, éramos, erais, eran ver: veía, veías, veía, veíamos, veíais, veían • Imperfect form of hay is había (there was, there were, there used to be

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