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The Preterite . El pretérito. We use the pretérito to:. talk about something that HAPPENED in the past talk about a completed ACTION in the past talk about a past action that happened at a particular point in time. é aste ó. amos asteis aron. Formation of pretérito (-ar verbs).
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The Preterite El pretérito
We use the pretérito to: • talk about something that HAPPENED in the past • talk about a completed ACTION in the past • talk about a past action that happened at a particular point in time.
é aste ó amos asteis aron Formation of pretérito(-ar verbs)
-car, -gar, -zar verbs in the pretérito • have spelling change in yo form • -car verbs: cqué • -gar verbs: ggué • -zar verbs: zcé
comencé comenzaste comenzó comenzamos comenzasteis comenzaron ex.: comenzar
llegué llegaste llegó llegamos llegasteis llegaron ex.: llegar
toqué tocaste tocó tocamos tocasteis tocaron ex.: tocar
Stem-changing –AR verbs • -AR verbs that normally have a stem change in the present tense do not stem change in the pretérito. JUGAR (u-ue) Yojugué Tújugaste Ud./El/Ella jugó Nosotrosjugamos Vosotrosjugasteis Uds./Ellos/Ellasjugaron
í iste ió imos isteis ieron Formation of pretérito(-er, -ir verbs)
Remember important irregulars in the pretérito: • hacer (to do, to make) • estar (to be) • ser (to be) • ir (to go)
hice hiciste hizo hicimos hicisteis hicieron hacer
estuve estuviste estuvo estuvimos estuvisteis estuvieron estar
fui fuiste fue fuimos fuisteis fueron ser, ir
pretérito vs. imperfecto—Summarize in your own words before the quiz _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Capítulo 1—Gramática 1 ser vs. estar
ser and estar both mean: • to be in English
BOP and FLING • BOP is for ser • FLING is for estar
BOP = ser • Basic descriptions • Origen • Professions
FLING = estar • Feelings • Locations • ING (in front of -ando, -iendo
¿ser o estar? • I’m happy now = • ser • I’m a happy person = • estar
¿ser o estar? • I’m in Toledo = • estar • I’m from New York = • ser
¿ser o estar? • My mom’s a teacher = • ser • My mom’s tired = • estar
ser vs. estar—Summarize in your own words before the quiz _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Capítulo 1—Gramática 2 Pronouns
Subjects • DO the action of the verb
Objects (complementos) • RECIEVE the action of the verb
yo (I) tú (you) él, ella, Ud. (he, she, you formal) nosotros (we) vosotros (you all in Spain) ellos, ellas, Uds. (they, you all) Subject Pronouns
Direct object pronouns • Receive the action of the verb • Use to mean: • it • him, her • us • all of you • them
Replace the subject and the object with the correct pronoun: • Los chicos compraron la revista en el supermercado. • Ellosla compraron en el supermercado. • They bought it in the supermarket.
pronouns—Why do we use them? Summarize in your own words before the quiz _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Capítulo 1—Gramática 2 Comparisons, demonstrative adjectives & pronouns
Know these words: • mejor— better • mejor que— better than • peor— worse • peor que— worse than
Know these words: • menor—younger • mayor—older • más…que—more…than • menos…que—less than
Demonstrative Adjectives & Pronouns • To show what speaker is pointing out. • To indicate distance to/from people or things • Must agree in number and gender. Este carro es rápido. This car is fast.
MasculinoFemenimo this esteestasingular these estosestasplural People or Things Nearby Farther Away that one ese esa those (there) esos esas Very Far Away that one aquel aquella those (there) aquellos aquellas
This, these, have the t’s; that, those do not • este, esta, estos, estas- this, these • ese, esa, esos, esas- that, those • aquel, aquella, aquellos, aquellas—that, those (over there)
This, these, that, those (with accents) • éste, ése, áquel • Used when you don’t mention an object • Me encanta mi coche. Éste es muy bonito.