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Exploring the Internet: History, Functionality, and Future Possibilities

Learn about the evolution of the Internet, its basic applications, and its potential for future development. Understand how the Internet works, from data packets to IP addresses and domain names. Discover client/server architecture and explore applications such as email, FTP, telnet, and HTTP. Explore the Internet2 consortium and its advancements in remote instrumentation, virtual laboratories, distance learning, digital libraries, and tele-immersion.

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Exploring the Internet: History, Functionality, and Future Possibilities

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  1. The Internet Chapter 18, Exploring the Digital Domain

  2. In this chapter . . . You will learn about • how the Internet evolved from an experimental network in the 1970s • how your computer can communicate across the world with other computers over a span of diverse interconnected networks • how Internet applications are based on client/server architecture • basic Internet applications: e-mail, ftp, telnet, and HTTP • examining the future for the Internet

  3. A Short History of the Internet • 1964—Paul Baran (RAND Corp.) proposes a loosely-coupled, robust network • 1969—ARPANET formed as a four-node network (UCLA, SRI, UCSB, and U of Utah-Salt Lake City) • 1974—Kahn and Cerf head TCP/IP project • 1980—CSNET added to ARPANET • 1986—NSF forms NSFNET

  4. A Short History of the Internet • 1987—NSFNET “backbone” expands the Internet worldwide • 1989—CERN launches WWW project • 1990—ARPANET decommissioned • 1992—Internet Society formed • 1993—NCSA Mosaic GUI for WWW • 1995—NSFNET decomissioned • 1998—Government funds Internet2

  5. How the Internet Works • DATAGRAMs are packets of data that also contain addressing information • TCP/IP define protocols (standards) for how datagrams are packaged and delivered • IP address is a number that signifies the address of an Internet host • Domain names are pseudonyms for IP addresses • Domain name system servers provide user with IP numbers for URLs, e-mail addresses, etc.

  6. How the Internet Works • Gateways and Routers transmit datagrams across the Internet • Client/Server applications add functionality to the Internet

  7. How the Internet Works • IP (Internet Protocol) • how datagrams are routed across the network • TCP and UDP • how messages are delivered • TCP -- guaranteed service (e-mail, HTTP, etc.) • UDP -- normal service (PING, DNS, etc.)

  8. Basic Internet Applications • ELECTRONIC MAIL (EMAIL)asynchronous communications • mail client • mail server

  9. Basic Internet Applications • REMOTE LOGINS (TELNET)—synchronous 2-way communications • local host • remote host

  10. Basic Internet Applications • FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL (FTP)—exchanging data and programs between systems • anonymous ftp

  11. Basic Internet Applications • HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) • cookies • ID used for identifying users, transactions, etc. • Web caching • client-side • server-side -- proxy servers

  12. Internet2 • consortium of government , industry, and education • establish network capabilities to support national research • develop the next generation of Internet applications • transfer these to worldwide Internet

  13. Internet2 • remote instrumentation and virtual laboratories • distance learning • digital libraries • Tele-immersion • multicasting Abilene

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