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The Work of Gregor Mendel. Chapter 11-1. Set up Cornell Notes. 11-1 The Work of Gregor Mendel. Gregor Mendel . Austrian live in the mid 1800’s Born to peasant farmers Became a monk and lived in a monastery . Gregor Mendel. “ Father of Genetics”
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The Work of Gregor Mendel Chapter 11-1
Set up Cornell Notes 11-1 The Work of Gregor Mendel
Gregor Mendel • Austrian • live in the mid 1800’s • Born to peasant farmers • Became a monk and lived in a monastery
Gregor Mendel • “Father of Genetics” • Experimented garden plants and small farm animals to understand genetics. • Known mostly for his experiments with pea plants
Genetics • Scientific study of heredity • The study of how parents pass down traits to their offspring
Inheritance • The passing of traits from parents to offspring.
Mendel’s Experiments • Mendel Cross Pollinated Pea Plants and Studied how their traits were passed from 1 generation to the next • Kept DETAILED records (Data) • Analyzed data and came up with conclusions that eventually were turned into the laws of genetics
Trait • Specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another Traits Mendel looked at: Short
What is Probability? Question: If I toss a penny 50 times, how many times will it land on heads? Hypothesis: Data: Heads Tails Totals: %Heads & %Tails Conclusion:
Probability Question: If we add up all of the coin tosses in the class, what do you think the percentage of times did the pennies land heads? Hypothesis: Data: Totals % heads tails Conclusion:
Probability Question: If we add up all of the coin tosses in all of Ms. Hau’s classes, what do you think the percentage of times did the pennies land heads? Hypothesis: Data: Totals % heads tails Conclusion:
Probability • It’s the likelihood that an event will happen • Its Not Exact • One event does not affect the next • The more times you repeat an event the more likely you’ll get closer to your predicted outcome.
Purebred/ Homozygous • Genetically pure for a particular trait. Both genes are the same for a trait. Offspring Parents TT = tall & tt = short
Hybrid / Heterozygous • Have two different forms of a gene Tt = Tall dogfoose.wordpress.com
Gene • A segment on a chromosome consisting of a long sequence of nitrogen bases that code for a protein. (Proteins do the work in cells and determine traits)
Allele • Different form of a gene OR Example: Gene for Plant height -Allele for Tall OR -Allele for Short OR OR
Mendel’s Principle of Dominance • States that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive.
Dominant Allele • The stronger form of a gene. • Represented by the capital letter of the dominant trait. (T=tall) • If present will be the trait that is expressed.
Recessive Allele • The weaker form of a gene. • Is represented with a lower case letter. (t=short) • Recessive trait hides unless both genes are the recessive allele. http://media.bigoo.ws/content/gif/cartoon/cartoon_212.gif
Genetic Data Collection P- generation F2- generation F1- generation • The first set of parents were called the “P” generation • The resulting offspring were called the “F1” generation • The offspring of the F1 generation were called the “F2” generation
Gamete • Sex cells (Egg & Sperm)
Fertilization • When male and female reproductive cells join • Egg & Sperm Or Pollen & Egg
Zygote • Fertilized Egg
Segregation • All living things contain 2 genes for every trait, one from their mother and one from their father • During production of sex cells the chromosomes separate so that each gamete have only 1 set of chromosomes