Renewable energy in the EU in the context of climate change Lutz Ribbe (Euronature),

1. Renewable energy in the EU in the context of climate change Lutz Ribbe (Euronature), Member of the Economic and Social Committee Delhi, 21 Sept. 2007

2. The biggest CO2-producer (2005)(in million tons) responsible for 2/3 of the global CO2-Emission *= 2002 source: iwr

3. The biggest CO2-producer (2005)(in million tons) Red = G8-member states G8 (13% of global population) responsible for appr. 45% of the global CO2 Emission USA: more than 22% *= 2002, source: iwr

4. CO2- Emission (tons/ per capita + year)

5. CO2- sources (EU(25)) Source: DG Tren, Dated: 2004

6. Decisions of the EU-summit • CO2 reduction (EU-summit, march 2007): • -30% until 2020, if other industrialized countries contribute in the same way • “guaranteed”: -20% until 2020 • -60 to -80% until 2050 (basis: 1990) • ambitious goals! Commission: a new „industrialrevolution“

7. CO2- emission (tons/ per capita) 2005

8. 2020: goal - 30%

9. 2050: goal - 60%

10. 2050: goal - 80%

11. „Revolution“ • Highly ambitious, yet feasible goals • Commission: „The days of cheap fossile energies are over“ • As energy becomes more expensive,“wasting“ energy becomes more expensive too • Technical innovation along with energy saving/using efficient devices becomes a „business“

12. Problem • How are we to reach a reduction of 20%, 30% or even 60% ? • The EU does set goals, but indicates almost no instrument to reach these goals • Neither the so-called sustainability strategy nor the „Green Paper on market economy instruments“ provide for an actual guidance on this field

13. Energy package • 20% of all energy coming from renewable sources (by 2020) • 10% biofuels (by 2020  + ) • Energy efficiency: +20% until 2020  1,5% each year: buildings, cars, products • Transport policy (more railway) • Taxation, emission trading

14. Are energy saving and energy efficiency sufficient ? • Reaching these ambitious goals is not a mere technical issue. • I takes more than saving energy and technological solutions • Is is all about power and markets; the idea is to „make money“ • Interest groups !

15. Centralised/De-centralised structures • The age of fossile energy was/is the age of centralised, relatively unefficient energy production structures • Large power plants with low efficiency rates (35 to 45%, residual heating) • Very few global operating oil companies; not many large energy suppliers • In Germany: RWE, Eon, EnBW, Vattenfall • In France: EdF

16. Centralised/De-centralised structures • The age of regenerating energies becomes the age of de-centralised and efficient energy structures: • Sun on the roof (Electricity and Heating) • Combined Power and Heating Systems (with more than 90% energy efficiency, instead of 45% in the case of large power (coal/nuclear)) plants • De-centralised energy circuits using biomass

17. Who will profit? • New market players, new workplaces in the regions: energy saving techniques, short-distance supply networks, solar energy and local workforce, biogas, including vegetable oil technologies • The new „large“ energy suppliers wish to maintain centralised structures; they live from them (see: biofuel strategy, division between production and network)

18. … off we go – to the next river bank!

19. India • Just one example: coocking • Europe: mainly by electricity, partly by gas • India: kerosene, wood, cow dung