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CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Kharkov National Medical University. CONNECTIVE TISSUE. Department of histology, cytology and embryology 2013 medical students. CONNECTIVE TISSUE. Connects other tissue s , underlies or surrounds them. Produces and maintains many different intercellular substances.

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CONNECTIVE TISSUE

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  1. Kharkov National Medical University CONNECTIVE TISSUE Department of histology, cytology and embryology 2013 medical students

  2. CONNECTIVE TISSUE • Connects other tissues, underlies or surrounds them. • Produces and maintains many different intercellular substances. • Provides support and nourishment.

  3. Connective TissuesClassification： Blood & lymph Connective tissue proper : Loose connective tissue Dense connective tissue Adipose tissue Specialized Reticular tissue Mucoid tissue Pigment tissue Cartilage & bone

  4. Note: All Connective Tissues have: • Common origin - from mesenchyme • Common structure Cells + Extracellular substance • Common similar)functions

  5. Note: Connective Tissues contain a high ratio of extracellular matrix to cells. • extracellular matrixis mostlysecreted by cells, which are embedded in it. • extracellular matrix varies for different tissues and provides their structural and functional features. • Examples : the fluid part of blood the hard part of bone, the tough part of fascia, the resilient part of cartilage.

  6. Embryonic Connective Tissue--- Mesenchyme • Consists of cells and ground substance with reticular fibers • Gives rise to all types of Connective Tissues

  7. 1st group - Fixed cells (intrinsic) – stable population: 1. fibroblast – main cells, produce fibers 2. adipocyte 3. reticular cell 4. pericyte 5. undifferentiatedcells(adventitial, perivascular – stem cell) All arise from mesenchyme. 6. Pigment cell – is from neural crest. Connective tissue cells:

  8. 2nd group - Mobile cells – are the blood leucocytes. Connective tissue cells:

  9. Fibroblast is fiber forming cell Mature fibroblast is called fibrocyte.

  10. Adipocytes (fat cells) function as store house, mechanical support, conservation of body heat.

  11. Mobile cells = blood leukocytes Macrophage blood monocyte ps ph er lys

  12. Plasma cell B-lymphocyte

  13. Mast cells = basophils .

  14. All types of T-lymphocytes Microphage = neutrophil Tissue eosinophil Other mobile cells:

  15. Connective tissue proper • Consists of cells and extracellular matrix, including fibers and ground substance. • Classified: • as loose or dense regular or irregular

  16. Classification • loose – has predominance of ground substance • dense– has predominance of fibers • regular – fibers form parallel bundles • irregular – fibers are disordered

  17. Loose (Areolar) is always irreguar CT • Dense: • Dense regular CT • Dense irregular CT

  18. Loose irregular connective tissue (L.I.C.T.) • Is the most distributed • it contains blood vessels

  19. The Cells and Fibers of L.I.C.T.

  20. General components of matrix : 1. Fibers and 2. Ground substance – is a gel containing: • water, salts and • 3 kinds of molecules containing carbohydrates: • glycosaminoglycan or GAG, • proteoglycans and • glycoproteins

  21. Extracellular matrix (ECM)

  22. Features of ground substance: • Permeability • Barrier to the penetration of bacteria

  23. Hylauronidase is an enzyme produced by WBC’s, sperm and some bacteria. Injection of hyaluronidase can speed the passage of drugs and fluid through the tissue.

  24. Types of C. T. Fibers • Three types of fibers • Collagen fibers • Strongest and most abundant Tensile strength > steel • Elastic fibers • “Yellow fibers” • Long, thin, branching fibers • Can stretch and recoil • Reticular fibers Fine collagenous fibers

  25. Distribution of Connective tissue proper (CTP ) CTP is widely distributed. It forms the capsules of organs and thin septa inside them. It always underlines epithelia. It contains blood vessels andthrough its ground substance all nutrients and waste products diffuse between the blood and parenchymal cells of all other tissues and organs.

  26. Mechanical support Protection Exchange of metabolites. Homeostasis Protection against infections Repair after injury, plastic function Connective tissue properFunctions:

  27. LCT: protection against infections,noxious agents: Cooperation of blood and connective tissue cells for: • Local reaction - inflammation • General immunological reaction

  28. Repair after injury, plastic function of LCT • High regenerative capacity (fibroblast) • Fibrous scar formation • NOTE! LCT carries additional functions

  29. Other types of Connective tissue proper (CTP): • Dense Regular CTP • Dense Irregular CTP • Fibers are predominant elements

  30. Dense Regular Connective Tissue fibrocyte • Collagen fibers form parallel bundles • fibrocytes tendons, aponeuroses Tensile strength in one direction

  31. Dense Irregular Connective Tissue Fibrocyte • Collagen fibers are irregularly arranged • Tissue can resist tension from any direction • Very tough tissue -- dermis of skin

  32. Connective tissue specialised • Adipose: • Location – deep to skin: sides, buttocks, breasts; padding around eyeballs and kidneys • Function – insulation, mechanical support, stores energy. • Reticular: • Location – spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow • Function – supporting framework for haemopoietic organs • Mucoid: umbilical cord, incompressible

  33. Adipose Tissue

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