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Label on the map: England France Spain Germany Italy Greece Turkey Mediterranean Sea Black Sea

Label on the map: England France Spain Germany Italy Greece Turkey Mediterranean Sea Black Sea Baltic Sea Atlantic Ocean Scandinavia. Agenda. Europe After Rome The Church Holy Roman Empire Feudalism. Objectives. Students will be able to…

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Label on the map: England France Spain Germany Italy Greece Turkey Mediterranean Sea Black Sea

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  1. Label on the map: • England • France • Spain • Germany • Italy • Greece • Turkey • Mediterranean Sea • Black Sea • Baltic Sea • Atlantic Ocean • Scandinavia

  2. Agenda • Europe After Rome • The Church • Holy Roman Empire • Feudalism

  3. Objectives Students will be able to… 59. Explain how the fall of Rome and the authority of the Church shaped the early Middle Ages. 60. Describe the creation of the Holy Roman Empire. 61. Analyze the feudal system.

  4. Europe After Rome

  5. Objective #59

  6. The Fall of Rome • Rome united Europe for the first (and only) time • Fall of Rome caused many changes • Decline of central authority • Decline of cities • Decline of learning • But not in Eastern Europe. Why not?

  7. Decline of Central Authority • Why? • Empire destroyed • Lots of invasions • Germanic tribes were loyal to individual leaders

  8. Decline of Central Authority • So what? • Benefits of empire are lost • Education • Security • Economy • Trade

  9. Decline of Cities • Why? • No jobs • No food trade • Centers of people and wealth are not safe

  10. Decline of Cities • So what? • Population shifted to rural areas • People become dispersed • “Progress” stalls

  11. Decline of Learning • Why? • Germanic tribes have no written language • People focus on farming • People are disconnected

  12. Decline of Learning • So what? • Knowledge of Greek lost • Latin changes • “Progress” stalls  The Dark Ages

  13. The Church in the Middle Ages: The exception that proves the rule

  14. Church Power Grows • People turn away from the secular • Local priests much closer than distant kings • Missionaries convert the Germans • Teach them writing

  15. Smart Monks • Monasteries (places where monks live) preserve learning • No one else could read • No one else had time • Mostly translation, few new advances • Also translated Arabic works • Eventually create Europe’s universities

  16. The Manor • Economic arrangement between lords and peasants • Peasants provide labor and a portion of produce • Lord provides land, protection, and resources (like a mill) • Self-sufficient system • Rigid class structure

  17. Objective #60 The Holy Roman Empire

  18. A Frankish Dynasty • Franks were one of the Germanic tribes • Clovis converted to Christianity • Charles Martel (Charles the Hammer) • Unites the Franks • Wins an important battle • Battle of Tours • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ztoNqerMrd8

  19. Charlemagne • Charles the Hammer’s grandson • Expands the Frankish Empire • Largest empire in Europe since Rome • Reunited Western Europe

  20. Coronation • Charlemagne saves the pope from a mob in Rome • Pope crowns him as Holy Roman Emperor • Powerful political force (both him, and the church!)

  21. Charlemagne • Enforces the law (good at running his empire) • Spreads Christianity • Revived learning • Builds roads, schools, churches, etc.

  22. Charlemagne’s Legacy • Son: Louis the Pious • “an ineffective ruler” • Three grandsons • Fight amongst themselves • Divide into three kingdoms • Central authority declines again • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djctvp_pC4o

  23. Treaty of Verdun, 843

  24. A Contradiction • The Holy Roman Empire is not… • Holy • Roman • An Empire

  25. Invaders

  26. Invaders • Muslims • Magyars • Come from central Asia • Settle in Hungary • Vikings • From Scandinavia • Settle in Russia and England (Angles and Saxons)

  27. Effects of Invaders • Strengthen feudalism • Really need those knights • Manor walls are helpful • Disrupts trade

  28. Objective #61 Feudalism

  29. Political Organization • No strong central government, so no strong army • But many invaders, so they need one • Invent a new type of government: feudalism • A social/governmental structure based on loyalty and land

  30. Feudalism Terms • Lord • Serf • Fief • Vassal • Manor

  31. Feudalism The King needs an army • Here is the king’s land

  32. The King’s Land

  33. Feudalism • The King, in need of an army, offers land in exchange for military service • The King owns the land, but the knight can use it as he sees fit as long as he maintains his oath to the king

  34. The King’s Land Vassal Vassal Vassal Vassal Vassal Vassal Vassal Vassal

  35. Feudalism • The King now has several vassals who control some of his land, but also has an army of knights to defend the entire territory

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