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Weddings, Roman Style. And marriage. Pre-questions. 1. What is the number one reason people in American give for getting married? How many marriages per year in America are formed? What per cent of marriages end in divorce?. What is the average age for men and women to marry in America?
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Weddings, Roman Style And marriage
Pre-questions • 1. What is the number one reason people in American give for getting married? • How many marriages per year in America are formed? • What per cent of marriages end in divorce?
What is the average age for men and women to marry in America? • What is the youngest age one can be married in America? (in which state?)
List at least five traditions associated with traditional American weddings • Engagement ring • Bride wears white • Bride wears a veil • Father “gives the bride away” • Wedding party—best man, maid of honor etc. • Exchanging vows in front of family (can be religious) • license • Throwing of rice/bird seed • Reception • Wedding cake • Throwing the bouquet • Garter toss • Honeymoon • Threshold carry
Roman marriages • Took place for establishment of legitimate children. • Solidify political connections (Pompey and Julia). • Make money.
Arranged by parents • Although everyone (bride/groom and all parents had to agree). • Earliest age 13 for girls 14 for boys. • Man was usually much older.
Starts with Sponsalia • Betrothal– a dowry is established. • Annulus nuptialis is worn on the left ring finger. • Party is given.
Types of marriage • Cum manu • Bride transfers to the control of her husband. He keeps her money. She cannot divorce. • Sine manu • Bride does not transfer into the control of her husband. She may divorce and her family keeps the dowry.
Three types of Ceremonies • Confarreatio • Very formal • Only patricians • Involved sacred cake (far) • Coemptio • Less formal • Ceremonial buying of wife • Usus • Common law • Live together for a year
Confarratio • Bride wears a tunic recta and a flammeum • Dressed by her mother and pronuba • Hair plated with a spear • Haruspex sacrifices a victima and inspects • Sacrifices to Jupiter or Juno
Girl dedicates her bulla and toys to household gods • Ceremony at bride’s home • There are witnesses at the ceremony • Dextrarumiunctio • Girl says vow • Ubitu Gaius, ego Gaia
After the Cialis at cenaNuptialis at the bride’s father’s home • --bride re-enacts the rape of the Sabine Women story and tries to run away from the groom • --next a procession through the streets to the groom’s house • --noisy songs, course jokes are song toabout the bride groom • --faces, wedding torches are carried • --nuces, nuts are thrown
Groom’s house • Flowers are festooned about the home • Door posts are smeared with oil • The groom carries the bride across the threshold so she will not slip • The party continues • The groom gives the wife fire and water as a symbol of her role as head of the household
Unavira—one man woman • She undresses the bride….
Role of Women Forbidden • vote • Participate in politics • Hold political office • Serve on a jury • Plead in court Allowed • Freedom to go anywhere at any time • Travel, do things without a husband/father • Conduct business • Run the entire household
Compared to today—Roman women had few rightsCompared t 100 years ago-Roman women had many rightsCompared to other ancient cultures—Roman women had amazing rights