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1. Klicken Sie, um das Titelformat zu bearbeiten WorldwideCompetence in Plastics Tunnel Engineering Klicken Sie, um das Format des Untertitelmasters zu bearbeiten AGRU Kunststofftechnik GmbH Ing.-Pesendorfer-Str. 31 4540 Bad Hall Österreich 1

2. Introduction • Tunnel construction are built for a life expectancy of 100 years • The requirements are similarly high, particularly those on the sealing system • From the raw material till to the finished Waterproofing Installation - it is a question of Quality

3. for a life expectancy of 100 years Function of a sealing membrane • keep the water away from the structure or out of the inner working area • protect and assure the concrete contruction against the corrosive, chemical components of the groundwater

4. Requirements to the sealing system • watertight • repair ability (injection) • resistance against chemical components • weldable by thermal means (hot air) • safe and economic inspection for damages (built with a very thin signal layer on one side) • flexible, elastic ( bridge crack formations without loosing its functioning capacity, pressure of the fresh concrete, hydrostatic pressure, creep, temperature, increase of tension, etc.)

5. Material and Funktion of AGRU Tunnel Membranes • made of very flexible Polyethylene • high degree of flexibility • high stretching resistance in multiaxial directions • high resistance against tension tears • high degree of resistance to chemicals • suitable for drinking water (water protection area) • with signal layer • various thicknesses • tested and approved according to the requirements of DS 853, ZTV- Ing and other technical specifications

6. Structural design of DS 853 Fundamental differences are made in underground construction work in rock, between sealing against pressurised water and against seepage water • for seepage water a 2.0 mm thick membrane • for pressurised water a 3.0 mm thick membrane • in each case provided with a signal layer

7. Aging of Polyethylene Lifetime of AGRU PE Membranes

8. Lifetime Expectation of AGRU Tunnel Membranes • Test Results: Test according EN 13438 („Autoklav “)BAM

9. PVC VLDPE/ LLDPE/ FPO For production of PVC, plasticisers are added to the vinyl chloride by a physical process (physical conjunction "external plasticising", the flexibility of the basic material is created by adding of plasticisers to the molecule chains). -------------------------------------------------------------------- By burning or welding, PVC causes fumes, those contains hydrochloric acid; this can lead to cauterisations of the respiratory tract; scaffolds and machines made of carbon steel begin to corrode. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- limited resistance to chemicals, depends on the composition and the temperatures ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ageing by loss of plasticisers after thermal and/or chemical stress and as a result strong reduction of the flexibility (mono-axial and biaxial elongations are massively reduced). mass extraction (wash out) in the event of strong water flow and water circulation the combination of chemical compounds of ethylene copolymers (CO monomers) of varying flexibility (internal plasticisers) provides the flexibility of the basic material. without plasticisers: do not contain any volatile or extractable components (mass extraction). ------------------------------------------------------------------ the incineration of PE does not cause any contaminants which could be hazardous to the environment ------------------------------------------------------------------ very high chemical resistance and high resistance to aggressive water ------------------------------------------------------------------ no extraction of components out of the geomembrane in the event of strong water flow and/or water circulation (internal/chemically linked plasticising) Comparison of LLDPE (VLDPE, FPO) vs PVC for Tunnels Source: Tiefbau 2/1999, Kunststoffe- Plastics 4/1981, Die Kunststoffe und ihre Eigenschaften (4. Auflage)/ VDI Verlag, Tunnel 2/99

10. VLDPE, FPO/TPO and PVC-P are suitable Materials. Required Conditions for Durability are proper Formulations and professional Installation (Welding) Project Engineers shall consider by choosing the material following facts Long Term Water Pressure Long Term Temperature Conditions Composition of in situ Water Intensity of Water Streams have to be considered Agru Liners of VLDPE, FPO/TPO fulfils all Requirements Liners of PVC-P are limited to Temperatures less 20°C, low water pressure Conditions without any agressive water contents Conclusion

11. Blast Construction (with Shotcrete) Open Construction Tübbingconstruction (TBM) Seepage water Pressure water Seepage water Pressure water Seepage water Pressure water partly drained undrained drained Umbrella seal With drain system Without drain system Full Round Without drain system Full Round With drain possibility Without drain possibility Tunnel Systems

12. Tunnel Systems • Umbrella- seal • shotcrete • - geotextile • - membrane (2,0 mm) • - concrete • Full-round seal (360°) • shotcrete • geotextile • membrane (3,0 mm) • - protection concrete/ membrane • - concrete

13. Inner Concrete shell Injektionplate Agruflex 2.5 mm Geotextile Drainmat Shotcrete Horizontal Casting Joint Casting joint Water stop 500/30/6 Protection Liner > 2mm Drainage Pipe Injektionplate Cut view on Tunnel for pressure Water Application

14. Injectionplate Protection Liner Injektionhose Hose Connector AGRUFLEX 2.5 mm Partial fixation Geotextile 200 mm Shotcrete Injektionplate for subsequent Defects

15. Partitioning of Casting Joints Schematic Tunnel Design for Casting Sections

16. Bottom Section Installation

17. Conventional Installation Front: Geotextile, mounted to the shotcrete surface Back: Scaffolding for the installation of the AGRU TunnelLiner

18. Conventional Installation Installation of the AGRUFLEX VLDPE Liner by manual hot air welding

19. Conventional Installation Installation of the AGRUFLEX VLDPE Liner by manual hot air welding

20. Conventional Installation Seaming of the AGRUFLEX liners by hot wedge welding (double seam )

21. Conventional Installation The hot wedge welding method creates a double welded seam and a air pressure test channel. This test channel enables to test the integrity of each single weld.

22. Conventional Installation Installation of the Block joining profile (water stop) by hot air welding in the bottom section of the tunnel

23. PE80/PE100-Pipe Systems • Solid and Drainage Pipes • Projekt relevant Dimensioning acc. ATV • Drilled or slotted: full round or 2/3 • Bright Inner surface due to Coextrusion • Electro fusion Fittings for traceable Welding Performance PE Drainage Pipe System

24. Innovation Semi Automatic Installation Scaffolding • Liner Attachement: • Velcro System • Hot Air Bonding • Hot Melt Bonding • (at Tübbing Construction)

25. AGRU Easy-Fix Systemc Advantages • 2,0m to 4,0m Liner width • No negative influence to the mechanical properties of the liner due to laminated Geotextile „Hot Melt-Application“ • fixation by: hook & loop (velcro) • hot air (Semi Automatic Scaffolding) • hot melt (Semi Automatic Scaffolding) • choice of applying various Geotextiles with • different weights Innovation Bonding strength test

26. AGRU Easy-Fix System-Velcro New Technology Installation of tunnel liner by means of Velcro discs

27. AGRU Easy-Fix System-Velcro Installation of tunnel liner by means of Velcro discs

28. AGRU Easy-Fix System-Hot Air or Velcro

29. AGRU Easy-Fix System-Hot Air or Velcro

30. AGRU Easy-Fix System-Hot Air or Velcro Installation of tunnel liner by means of Hot Air fusion

31. AGRU Easy-Fix System-Hot Air or Velcro Crossway Section

32. Referenceproject: Schlossbergtunnel Dillenburg/D Hot Air Technology AGRU Easy-Fix System-Hot Air or Velcro

33. Agru Waterstop Profile AGRU Waterstop SAA 500/6 The waterproofing of tunnel constructions is essential for the service life of the whole structure. Modern tunnel insulations are designed to offer a possibility for repair of hollow spots or untight areas with special injection resins. At casting joints of the inner Concrete shell waterstops are installed to create separated compartments. Integrated injection hose clamps with injection outlets at certain distances provide defined injection of resin at repair sections. The AGRU waterstop SAA 500/6 is designed for perfect anchoring of the sealing-webs to withstanding highest backpressures. Fulfills all requirements acc. DIN 18197, DIN 18541,EAG EDT Innovation

34. Conventional Installation • Taiwan High Speed Rail Project • Linkou Tunnel/ Los 210 Dipl.- Ing. S. Lemke

35. Conventional Installation- Linkou Tunnel

36. Conventional Installation- Linkou Tunnel

37. Reference Project Melbourne Tunnel Australia

38. AGRUSAFESure Grip System Telescope –Formwork technique 330° Lining Agrusafe Sure Grip Concrete Protection Liner Alternative Lining System For Sewer Tunnels

39. AGRUSAFESure Grip System Cut and Cover Tunnel 360° Lining

40. AGRUSAFESure Grip System 330° Lining with 6,0m Diameter

41. AGRU Tunnel Innovations Polyolefin based Materials Liner width up to 4m optimizes your Installation methodes all water stop profiles can be equipped with integrated prophylactical Injektion Hoses mechanical-integrated Corrosion Protection of the Concrete at Sewer Tunnels Conclusion Lifetime Expectation > 100 Years

42. Agru Geomembranes – Various Applications Landfill Capping Artificial Snow Production Reservoir Canal Sealing Heap Leach pads in the Mining Industry

43. Agru Geomembranes – Various Applications