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Centrul Euroregional pentru Democra ție Euroregional Center for Democracy

Centrul Euroregional pentru Democra ție Euroregional Center for Democracy. Project “Identifying and reducing prejudices as a source of conflict between Roma and non-Roma population – Cases of Bulgaria, Italy, Romania, Slovenia compared”.

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Centrul Euroregional pentru Democra ție Euroregional Center for Democracy

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  1. Centrul Euroregional pentru Democrație Euroregional Center for Democracy Project “Identifying and reducing prejudices as a source of conflict between Roma and non-Roma population – Cases of Bulgaria, Italy, Romania, Slovenia compared” Position of Roma in Romania and in four target localities – Timișoara, Sânpetru Mare, Sântana, Aleșd

  2. A brief history • Romanian Principalities (Wallachia and Moldavia) • 14th-19th C: Slaves • Abolition of slavery: 1844 - 1856 • Transylvania and Banat • 14th-15th C: Royal serfs • 18th C: Forced settlement Wallachia, Moldavia, Dobrogea Transylvania Banat, Crisana, Maramures

  3. A brief history • For sale • A first “sălaş” (family) of Gypsy slaves • Through an auction at noon at the St.Elias Monastery on 8 May 1852 • It comprises of 18 men, 10 boys, 7 women & 3girls • In fine condition • Source: Wikipedia

  4. A brief history 1Crowe, David. 1996. A History of the Gypsies of Eastern Europe and Russia • 14th century: Roma enter Romania • 1918 – 1939: Roma become land owners, a Roma elite emerges • 1942 – 1944: deportation to Transdniestria • 1947 – 1989: Roma’s cultural identity deliberately ignored, focus on the integration of this segment which led a “parasitic way of life”1

  5. Roma population in Romania Council of Europe, Roma and Travelers Division (2008) 3.2% 2011 census 96.8% Roma = 8.5% of the total population

  6. Facts Poverty risk Source: The World Bank, The Ministry of Labor, Family and Equal Opportunities, The National Institute of Statistics. November 2007. Romania: Poverty Assessment Report.

  7. Employment Employment rate Source: Soros Foundation (2012).The situation of Roma in Romania, 2011. Between social inclusion and migration.

  8. Employment Categories of working Roma • Roma who perform unskilled work in the informal labor market; • Extremely poor Roma who collect waste materials; • Roma who perform household duties and other informal occasional activities; • Roma who carry out traditional activities; • Roma who are employed in the formal labor market; • Roma who have their own businesses (e.g. real estate, recycling waste materials, trade etc.) • Roma who work abroad. Source: The Research Institute for Quality of Life. 2010. Legal and equal on the labor : market for the Roma communities. Bucharest: Expert.

  9. Education • 26% of the Roma aged 10 and over are illiterate Percentage of Roma with secondary or higher school completion Source: De Laat, Joost, and Christian Bodewig. April 2011. Roma inclusion is smart economics – Illustrations from Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Romania and Serbia. World Bank’s Europe & Central Asia Knowledge Brief 39.

  10. Healthcare • Scarce financial resources • Lack of ID papers and health insurance • Difficulties in buying prescribed drugs in rural areas • Lack of transport means to reach the medical care centers • Poor medical infrastructure to which Roma have access given that they usually live on the outskirts • Discriminatory behavior and attitudes of the medical staff

  11. Housing • Live on the outskirts of cities or villages • Less resistant dwellings • Limited access to utilities • Overcrowded houses Bădescu, Gabriel et al. 2007. Roma Inclusion Barometer. Bucharest: Open Society Foundation.

  12. Target localities Timișoara (Timiș County) Romanians – 85.52% Hungarians – 7.64% Germans – 2.25% Serbs – 1.98% Sânpetru Mare (Timiș County) Romanians – 72.51% Serbs – 13.15% Roma – 12.13% Sântana (Arad County) Romanians – 82.16% Hungarians – 10.67% Roma – 3.82% Slovaks – 1.23% Alesd (Bihor County) Romanians – 65.17% Hungarians – 19.07% Roma – 9.15% Slovaks – 6.19%

  13. Position of Roma in the target localities

  14. Particularities of the target localities • Timișoara • Discrepancy between the rich and the poor: “palaces” vs. ramshackle cabins • Sântana • Unpaved roads • Poor water supplies • Dwellings in an advanced state of decay • Contrast between the rich and the poor A Roma “palace” in Timisoara Source: Evenimentulzilei, 18 January 2012 • Aleșd • Electricity • Poorhygiene Multifunctional Center, Alesd, Bihor County

  15. What causes the current condition of Roma? • Poor political representation • Public authorities With no local and national political decision makers to plead for long and medium-term programs, and without an appropriate budget, the problems of Roma are passed to the European Commission and vice versa, to the EU member states. International monitoring bodies Election campaigns Attention paid by public authorities to Romaissues

  16. Public policies and projects • Limited time frames and external budgets instead of long- or medium-term programs funded from the state budget • Funds distributed on the basis of political criteria • Lack of financial resources for putting strategies into practice Programs, national strategies for improving the situation of Roma

  17. The image of Roma in Romanian mass media

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